不同中间砧木对寒富苹果生长、产量和果实品质的影响

Effects of different interstocks on the growth,yield,and fruit quality of Hanfu apple

本研究以10个矮化中间砧木嫁接的寒富苹果为试材,分析了不同矮化中间砧对葫芦岛产区的寒富苹果生长、产量和果实品质的影响,以期为葫芦岛产区选配优良的苹果砧穗组合。结果表明:不同矮化中间砧对寒富苹果生长势、产量和果实品质指标的影响存在显著差异,株高、枝量、叶片鲜重、枝条鲜重、根鲜重、根系总体积、根系平均直径和总根尖数均以GM256嫁接树最高,基径、枝长、根系总长度和总表面积以CX5嫁接树最高;果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量以M26嫁接树最大,果实纵径、横径和单果鲜重均以GM256嫁接树最大。采用模糊评价法综合评价显示,在葫芦岛地区,10种中间砧木嫁接寒富苹果的综合性状得分由高到低排序为:GM256、CX5、B9、JM7、CG80、辽砧2号、M26、青砧3号、SH38、MD001。建议GM256和CX5可作为冷凉气候区理想的矮化砧木。

A field experiment was conducted using Hanfu apple grafted on 10 dwarfing interstocks to evaluate plant growth,yield,and fruit quality of different apple-interstock combinations in Hulu-dao,Liaoning Province,in order to select the most suitable apple-interstock combinations in the study area.The results showed that tree vigor,yield,and fruit quality were largely affected by the interstocks.Among the interstocks evaluated here,plant height,branch numbers,leaf fresh weight,branch fresh weight,root fresh weight,total root volume,average root diameter and total root tip numbers were the largest on GM256,while the highest trunk diameter,branch length,total root length and total root surface area were observed on CX5,the highest fruit firmness,soluble solids and soluble sugar contents were observed on M26,and the highest fruit vertical diameter,transverse diameter and single fruit weight were observed on GM256.The fuzzy evaluation results showed that the comprehensive character scores decreased in order of GM256,CX5,B9,JM7,CG80,Liaozhen 2,M26,Qingzhen 3,SH38 and MD001.Our results indicated that interstock GM256 and CX5 was better for the cold climate region.