十八烷基醚磷酸单酯盐的合成及其性能

Synthesis and properties of octadecyl ether phosphate monoester

通过正交试验法,采用P_(2)O_(5)和多聚磷酸为磷酰化试剂,对十八烷基醚磷酸单酯合成工艺进行了研究,得出最佳合成工艺:十八烷基醚与P_(2)O_(5)的摩尔比为2∶0.7,多聚磷酸与P_(2)O_(5)的摩尔比(其中多聚磷酸的摩尔数以P_(2)O_(5)单位计)为1∶2,反应时间9 h,反应温度90℃。在此最佳工艺条件下,单酯含量(摩尔分数)高达89.6%。中和成钾盐后对其乳液粒径、耐热性、吸湿性和抗静电性等进行分析,发现十八烷基醚磷酸单酯钾盐具有乳液稳定、耐热性好、抗静电优秀且吸湿性小的优点,在化纤油剂中可以作为一种良好的抗静电剂使用。

The synthesis process of octadecyl ether phosphate monoester was studied by orthogonal experi-ment,using P_(2)O_(5)and polyphosphoric acid as the phosphorylating reagents.The optimum synthesis process wasobtained as follows:the molar ratio of octadecyl ether to P_(2)O_(5)of 2∶0.7,the molar ratio of polyphosphoric acidto P_(2)O_(5)of 1∶2(the mole of polyphosphoric acid was calculated in P_(2)O_(5)units),the reaction time of 9 h,andthe reaction temperature of 90.The content of monoester(molar fraction)was as high as 89.6%.Particle size,heat resistance,moisture absorption and antistatic property were compared and analyzed by the way of formingpotassium salt by neutralization.It was found that octadecyl ether phosphate monoester potassium salt has theadvantages of stable emulsion,good heat resistance,excellent antistatic property and low hygroscopicity.Itcan be used as a good antistatic agent in oil agent for fiber.