唐宋時期官修陰陽書的成立與展開

The Establishment and the Development of the Officially Edited Yinyang Shu(陰陽書)in Tang and Song Dynasty

本文從傳統目録學出發,認爲陰陽書最初包括早期諸子中的陰陽家書和技術類的占卜書,但隋代陰陽家書已經全部散逸,陰陽書就專指占卜的技術書。官方介入陰陽書的編纂開始於隋,目前所知的官方編纂的陰陽書有唐代吕才的《陰陽書》、宋代的《乾坤寶典》及清代的《星曆考原》及《協紀辨方書》。官修陰陽書的特點在於包含占卜種類多元。但宋代以來篇幅宏大的官修陰陽書錯謬叢生,官方也開始編集更切合實用的占書,官修陰陽書的卷數渐趨滅少。這些官修陰陽書確立了官方在占卜知識領域的權威,也爲官方占卜人員選擇重要日期和墓葬方位等提供依據。

This article argues that the Yinyang Shu initially contains the works from the School of Yinyang and the divination books.However,by the Sui(隋)Dynasty,the books of the School of Yinyang no longer existed.Therefore,Yinyang Shu has explicitly been referred to as divination books since then.The official compilation of Yinyang Shu began in the Sui Dynasty.It is currently known that the officially edited Yinyang Shu includes the hViyang Shu(《陰陽書》),which was edited by Lvcai(吕才)in the Tang Dynasty,Qiankunbaodian(《乾坤寳典》)in the Song Dynasty,Xinglikaoyuan(《星曆考原》)and Xiejibianfangshu(《協紀辨方書》)in the Qing Dynasty.The characteristic of officially-edited Yinyang Shu is that they included various types of divination.However,given the appearance of numerous mistakes in officially edited Yinyang Shu,the government set about compiling more practical divination books.As a result,the volume of officially-edited Yinyang Shu has gradually decreased.Finally,these officially edited Yinyang Shu established the government's authority in divination knowledge,and provided a basis for the official to choose the critical dates and the location of tombs.