扁桃-冬小麦间作模式下不同树形对冬小麦产量和叶片光合能力的影响

Effect of Trees from on Grain Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics at Different Growth Stage of Wheat under Almond Wheat Intercropping

【目的】研究果粮间作模式下,扁桃遮阴程度对间作冬小麦籽粒产量和叶片光合能力的影响,为新疆南疆果粮间作模式的选择和优化提供科学依据。【方法】以扁桃-冬小麦(新冬20号)间作模式为研究对象,设置主干分层形(DC)、开心形(OC)、高干形(HS)和小冠半圆形(SC)等树体结构指标存在较大差异的4个树形为处理,以大田为对照。于冬小麦抽穗期、花旗、灌浆期和乳熟期4个关键生育时期对不同处理不同间作区域小麦旗叶叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量、光响应参数等指标进行测定,分析产量构成指标与光合指标的相关性。【结果】扁桃-冬小麦间作系统中,小麦籽粒产量、千粒重、穗粒数、单位面积有效穗数等指标受树形和间作区域的共同影响,产量由高至低依次为小冠半圆形(SC)、高干形(HS)、开心形(OC)和主干分层形(DC),与单作相比降幅分别达到18.24%、33.00%、35.43%和63.68%;灌浆期不同树形处理叶绿素a/b比值均降低,扬花期和灌浆期4个树形对应间作区域小麦旗叶光合能力均显著降低,与单作相比扬花期和灌浆期降幅分别在18.24%~48.88%和15.55%~56.38%;抽穗期、扬花期、灌浆期小麦旗叶最大净光合速率与小麦产量、千粒重、穗粒数和单位面积有效穗数的相关性均达到显著水平。【结论】扁桃-冬小麦间作模式下,小麦籽粒产量降低与间作导致旗叶光合能力的下降密切相关。

【Objective】In this article,effect of tree from on grain yield and and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat under intercropping mode were study to provide a theoretical basis for choosing management standards for intercropping system in southern Xinjiang.【Method】Use almond-winter wheat intercropping system as research materials,Delayed open-central shape(DC),Open-center shape(OC),High stem-shape(HS)and Semicircle small-canopy shape(SC)4 tree structures were taken as the treatment,field conditions were used as control.The components of winter wheat grain yield,photosynthetic characteristics,Chlorophyll and soluble protein content were determined under different treatment.And the correlation between grain yield composition indexes and photosynthetic indexes be analyzed at heading,flower,Grain-filling and milky stage 4 key growth stage.【Result】The results showed that in almond winter wheat intercropping system,grain yield,1,000-grain weight,grain number per panicle and effective panicle per unit area were influenced by both tree from and position.The grain yield of wheat SC>HS>OC>DC,and decreased 18.24%,33.00%,35.43%and 63.68%,respectively,compared with the ratio of chlorophyll a/b decreased in both 4 tree from treatments;the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax)of wheat flag leaf at intercropping area with 4 tree from treatments were significantly reduced at flower and grain filling stage,compared with monoculture wheat the decreasing range at flowering stage and grain filling stage was within the range of 18.24%-48.88%and 15.55%-56.38%,respectively.The correlation between Pmax of flag leaf and grain yield,1,000-grain weight,grain number per panicle and effective panicle per unit area were reached significant levels at heading stage,flowering stage and grain filling stage.【Conclusion】In amond winter wheat intercropping system,the decrease of wheat grain yield was closely related to the decrease of flag leaf photosynthetic capacity which caused by intercropping.