棉区有机肥替代化肥对棉花产量及其构成因子的影响

Effects of Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure on the Cotton Yield and Yield Components in Cotton Area

【目的】研究棉花合理的化肥减施量和有机肥替代量,筛选化肥减施与有机肥替代最佳模式,为新疆南部棉区棉花化肥减施增效技术提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间试验,以不施肥和无机复混肥为对照,分析化肥有机替代比例(20%、40%、100%)对棉花产量构成的影响。【结果】施肥可改善棉花产量构成,提高棉花产量。与无机肥处理(CF)比较,化肥减量20%下施用400 kg有机肥、化肥减量40%下施用800方有机肥处理,通过提高棉花单铃重和衣分,改善棉花产量构成,显著提高棉花产量。处理3、处理4处理棉花产量分别为423.50和403.76 kg/667m 2,比空白处理(CK)增产27.70%、21.75%,比CF处理增产5.81%、0.88%。【结论】新疆南部棉区棉花种植以化肥减量20%、化肥减量40%,即每667 m^(2)基施有机肥400 kg,无机复混肥65.39 kg,追施尿素22.35 kg(每667 m^(2)基肥施用有机肥800 kg,无机复混肥49.04 kg,追肥尿素16.76 kg)较为适宜。处理3、处理4模式(20%、40%的化肥减量)可以推广应用。

【Objective】To clarify the right rate and filter the best mode of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer supplement of cotton.【Method】The effects of the partial substitution for chemiacal fertilizer with organic manure(20%,40%or 100%)on the cotton yield and yield components were ananlyzed by field experiments with no fertilizer(CK)and inorganic fertilizer(CF)as the control.【Result】Fertilization could significantly improve the composition of cotton yield and increase the yield of cotton.Compared with CF,the treatment of reducing 20%,40%chemical fertilizer with organic manure could improve cotton yierld components by raising the weight per boll and ginning outtum,significantly increase cotton yield.The cotton yields of Treatment 3 and Treatment 4 were 423.50 and 403.76 kg/667m^(2),respectively,which were 27.70%and 21.75%higher than that of non-fertilization treatmemnt(CK),and 5.81%and 0.88%higher than that of CF.【Conclusion】Analysing by the yield of cotton and agricultural environmental protection,the suitable fertilization management model of cotton in Southern Xinjiang cotton district is the reducing 20%or 40%chemical fertilizer with organic manure,that is 400 kg/667m^(2) organic manure and 65.39 kg/667m^(2) inorganic compound fertilizer as basic fertilizer,and 22.35 kg/667m^(2) urea as top dressing(that is 800 kg/667m^(2) organic manure and 49.04 kg/667m^(2) inorganic compound fertilizer as basic fertilizer,and 16.76 kg/667m^(2) urea as top dressing).The treatment model Treatment3、Treatment4 of reducing 20%or 40%chemical fertilizer with organic manure could be considered to promote and applicate.