MS-222和丁香油对黄条[鱼师]麻醉效果研究

Anesthetic Effect of MS-222 and Clove Oil on Yellowtail Kingfish

黄条[鱼师](Seriola aureovittata)是一种全球水域广泛分布的具有长距离洄游特性的大型大洋性鱼类,其生性凶猛、游泳速度快,人工养殖条件下对环境刺激的应激反应强烈。为开发适宜黄条[鱼师]实验和生产操作的低应激处理技术,采用实验生态学、生理学手段,首次研究了2种温度条件下(20℃和24℃)、2种麻醉剂(MS-222和丁香油)对1龄黄条[鱼师]的麻醉效果,通过行为判别与生理指标分析(皮质醇、肾上腺素和葡萄糖的水平),确定了2种麻醉剂对黄条[鱼师]的最适麻醉时间、复苏时间和麻醉剂量。根据黄条[鱼师]麻醉和复苏时的行为特征,将麻醉过程分为7个时期,复苏过程分为6个时期。在水温为20℃和24℃时,MS-222麻醉黄条[鱼师]的最佳浓度分别为100~120和100 mg/L,而丁香油的最佳浓度均为40 mg/L。在此条件下,实验鱼均可在3 min之内入麻,5 min之内复苏。随着麻醉剂浓度的增加,黄条[鱼师]入麻时间呈缩短趋势,复苏时间呈延长趋势。水温的升高降低了入麻时间,而对复苏时间无明显影响。在水温20℃和24℃条件下,40 mg/L的丁香油麻醉黄条[鱼师]后,血清皮质醇水平分别于6 h和12 h达峰值;在水温24℃条件下,100 mg/L的MS-222麻醉黄条[鱼师]后,血清肾上腺素水平于12 h达峰值,其他各实验组血清肾上腺素、葡萄糖和皮质醇水平均在24 h达峰值。2种温度条件下,实验鱼血清中3种应激相关生理指标在复苏72 h后均显著降低至初始水平以下。本研究结果可为制定规范化的黄条[鱼师]实验与养殖生产操作技术提供参考依据。

Yellowtail kingfish Seriola aureovittata is a globally distributed,circumtropical pelagic fish of importance in both commercial fisheries and aquaculture.It swims fast and has fierce behavior under artificial culture conditions.To develop a suitable manipulation technique with low stress for yellow tail kingfish,the anesthetizing effects of two anesthetics,MS-222 and clove oil,on one-year-old yellowtail kingfish under different temperature conditions(20℃and 24℃)were studied.The optimal anesthesia times,recovery times,and anesthesia dosages of the two anesthetics were determined based on the discrimination of swimming behavior and investigation of serum hormones levels,including cortisol,adrenaline,and glucose.According to the behavioral characteristic changes of the yellowtail kingfish during anesthesia and recovery,the anesthesia process was divided into seven stages,whereas the recovery process was divided into six stages.The results showed that the optimal concentrations for MS-222 for anesthetizing yellowtail kingfish were 100~120 mg/L and 100 mg/L at water temperatures of 20℃and 24℃,respectively.For clove oil,the optimal concentration for anesthetizing yellowtail kingfish was 40 mg/L at both temperatures.All the experimental yellowtail kingfish were anaesthetized within three minutes and recovered within five minutes.By increasing the anesthetic concentration,the time for the yellowtail kingfish to enter anesthesia was reduced and the recovery time prolonged.The increase in water temperature reduced the time to enter anesthesia,but had no obvious effect on the recovery time.When anesthetized with 40 mg/L clove oil at 20℃and 24℃,serum cortisol significantly peaked at 6 h and 12 h,respectively(P<0.05).At 24℃,the serum adrenaline level significantly peaked at 12 h(P<0.05)in yellowtail kingfish anesthetized with 100 mg/L of MS-222.The levels of serum adrenaline,glucose,and cortisol in the other experimental groups all significantly peaked after 24 h(P<0.05)in fish anesthetized using both anesthetics.Under the two temperature conditions,the two anesthetics caused the three serum hormone levels to all decrease significantly(P<0.05)to low levels that were lower than the initial levels after 72 h of recovery,indicating that yellowtail kingfish could be physiologically adaptive to the optimal treatment methods of clove oil and MS-222 under different temperatures.The results from the present study provide theoretical and technical support for the development of standard experimental and farming management technology for yellowtail kingfish.