社区老年人空巢状态与营养不良风险的相关性研究

Association between empty-nest status and malnutrition risk among community-dwelling elderly population

目的探讨社区老年人空巢状态与营养不良风险的关联,并分析社会支持在两者间的中介作用。方法对社区老年人群进行横断面研究,包括调查问卷和体格检查,完成微型营养评估(MNA-SF)和社会支持量表(SSRS)。采用二元logistic回归分析空巢状态对营养不良风险的影响;根据Baron&Kenny依次检验方法分析社会支持的中介效应。结果与非空巢老人相比,空巢老人营养不良风险明显增加(P<0.001);调整年龄、性别、社会经济属性和疾病、用药等协变量后,空巢老人营养不良风险是非空巢老人的1.68(1.06,2.66)倍(P=0.027);社会支持量表得分每上升1分,营养不良风险下降3.5%(P<0.001);中介效应分析提示社会支持在空巢状态与营养不良风险关系中起完全中介效应(P<0.001)。结论社区老年人群的空巢状态通过影响社会支持水平,与营养不良风险显著相关。

Objective To explore the association of empty-nest status with malnutrition risk,and understand the mediating effect of social support between this relation.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1823 community-dwelling elderly aged 60 and above.All participants completed a systematic questionnaire,which evaluated demographic data,socioeconomic status,lifestyle habits,and clinical information.Nutritional status(the short-form mini-nutritional assessments MNA-SF)and social support level(social support rating scales SSRS)were measured.Physical examination were conducted.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of empty-nest status on malnutrition risk.Linear regression models were fitted according to the Baron Kenny method for mediation analysis.Results The risk of malnutrition was significantly increased in empty-nest elderly,when compared to non-empty-nesters(P<0.001).After adjusting for covariates including age,gender,socioeconomic status,comorbidities and polypharmacy,empty-nest elderly were associated with a higher risk of malnutrition[hazard ratio=1.68,95% confidence interval(1.06,2.66),P=0.027].Per one score increase of SSRS was associated with a 3.5% reduced risk of malnutrition in elderly population(P<0.001).The mediation analysis indicated that social support played a full mediation role between empty-nest status and malnutrition risk.Conclusion Through full mediation effect,social support significantly influence the association between empty-nest status and malnutrition risk in a community-dwelling elderly population.