香烟辐射水平及所致吸烟者剂量

Radioactivity of cigarettes and radiation dose assessment due to smoking

目的评估我国吸烟人群因吸烟所致内照射剂量并与其他国家进行比较。方法收集并分析国内外香烟中210Po/210Pb辐射水平,推荐主流烟雾中210Po/210Pb份额,进行我国吸烟者因吸烟所致内照射剂量估算。结果2015年中国15岁及以上成人现在吸烟者为3.2亿,日平均吸烟量为15.2支;按文献中香烟品牌数量加权的210Po/210Pb活度均值分别为28.2 mBq/支和39.3 mBq/支;在剂量估算中,210Po主流烟雾份额采用模拟装置和志愿者实验结果均值20%,210Pb主流烟雾份额采用模拟装置实验结果10%。根据我国日平均吸烟量和现在吸烟者人数估算的我国现在吸烟者年有效剂量为126μSv·a^(−1),集体有效剂量为40746人·Sv。结论我国香烟中210Po/210Pb含量约为其它国家香烟的2~3倍,但由于本文采用的主流烟雾份额和210Po/210Pb剂量转换系数不同于其它文献,所以本文估算的我国吸烟人员吸20支烟所受剂量低于部分国家。

Objective Collect and analyze data of radiation level of 210Po/210Pb in cigarettes in China,evaluate the internal radiation dose caused by smoking to Chinese smokers and compare it with other countries.Methods The radiation levels of 210Po/210Pb in cigarettes in domestic and foreign countries were summarized and analyzed,and the fractions of 210Po/210Pb in mainstream smoke were recommended,and the internal radiation doses to smokers in China were estimated.Results In 2015,there were 320 million smokers among aged 15 and above in China with an average smoking amount of 15.2 cigarettes per day.The average activities of 210Po/210Pb weighted by the number of cigarette brands were 28.2 mBq per cigarette and 39.3 mBq per cigarette respectively.The mainstream smoke fraction of 20%of 210Po was used to make the does estimation which was the mean value of the experimental results of simulator and volunteers,and that of 210Pb was 10%measured by simulators.Based on the average smoking amount per day and the number of smokers in China,the annual effective dose of current smokers in China is 126μSv·a^(−1),and the collective effective dose is 40746 man·Sv.Conclusion The content of 210Po/210Pb in Chinese cigarettes is about 2~3 times that of other country's cigarettes.However,the fraction of mainstream smoke and dose conversion coefficient of 210Po/210Pb adopted in this paper are different from those in other literatures.Therefore,the estimated dose of 20 cigarettes for Chinese smokers is lower than that for smokers in some countries.