利益衡量与场景实践下的未成年人信息保护研究

Research on the Protection of Minors’Information Using Benefit Measurement Techniques under Scenario Practice

未成年人信息保护亟待立法及司法综合施策,目前存在保护制度失序、责任不清、可识别性界定方式单一且缺乏可操作的判定标准导致司法实践中的事实认定较难等问题。未成年人信息在属性特征、利益衡量等角度不同于成年人信息,基于监护关系和亲权关系,承载了未成年人和监护人的双重利益。在场景方面,面对信息业者对未成年人信息的利用的各种需求,建议立法和司法应秉持细化场景规则的理论,并引导行业自律,特别是教育者对未成年人信息的知情需求、监护人对未成年人信息的保护需求、政府对未成年人信息的共享需求,亟待平衡私人领域和公众领域的内在张力。应当针对未成年人信息建立统合式法治保护体系,破解未成年人信息保护的现实困境。

The protection of minors’information urgently requires comprehensive implementation by the executive authority of the legislature and the judiciary.At present,there exist many problems such as the disorder of protection institutions,unclear responsibility,narrow understanding of personally identifiable information,and lack of judicial review standards which leads to the difficulty in finding facts in judicial practice.Minors’information is different from adults’in terms of attribute characteristics,benefit measurement techniques and so on.Based on guardianship and parental relations,it carries the dual interests of minors and also guardians.In the pragmatic scenarios,facing the various demands of the information industry,it is recommended that legislation and the judiciary should uphold the theory of detailed scenarios’rules,and guide industry self-discipline,especially the educators’needs to be informed about minors’information,the guardian’’s needs for the protection of minors’information,and the government’s needs for information sharing.In summary,legal institutions need to be designed to balance the inherent tension between the private and public spheres.A unified legal protection system should be established for minors’information to solve the pragmatic dilemma of minors’information protection.