试论孟子、荀子与稷下学宫的思想联系

On the Ideological Connection between Mencius,Xunzi and Jixia Academy

先秦儒墨论战的标志性事件是孟子“辟墨”。用墨家后学的逻辑、论辩方法去批判墨子的政治、伦理思想,乃是孟子参与稷下学术争鸣与论辩活动的一大证据。孟子“气”论思想的形成受到黄老学派、管子学派以及稷下先生宋钘、尹文等人的直接影响,管子学派对孟子论断的反驳、对管仲“王霸并治”思想的辩护因孟子与齐宣王的多番对谈而发酵,这都表明孟子与稷下学宫之间有着紧密而复杂的联系。“王霸之辩”的问题在稷下学宫产生热议,最终在荀子的政治哲学中获得统合。荀子从“道”“术”两个层面出发,以“王道”为治国之本,以“霸道”为治国之佐,一定程度上调和了孟子之学与《管子》之学的思想冲突。稷下学宫在荀子“三为祭酒”时期迎来了最后的辉煌,荀子也在稷下学宫完成了自己对百家之学的批评与总结。

The iconic event of the Confucian-Mohist debate in the pre-Qin period was Mencius′s"critique of Mohist school".Criticizing Mozi′s political and ethical thoughts with Mohist post-learning logic and argumentation is an evidence of Mencius′s participation in Jixia academic debates and debates.In addition,the formation of Mencius′"Qi"theory was directly influenced by Huanglao School,Guanzi School,and Mr.Song Xie and Yin Wen of Jixia.Guanzi School refuted Mencius′s thesis,and Guan Zhong′s"king and hegemony"thought.The defense of Mencius was also produced by several conversations between Mencius and King Qi Xuan,which all showed that Mencius had a close and complicated relationship with Jixia Academy.The issue of"The Controversy between King and Hegemon"was heatedly discussed in the Jixia Academy,and was finally unified in Xunzi′s political philosophy.Starting from the two levels of"Tao"and"Skill",Xunzi took"kingdom"as the foundation of governing the country,and"hegemony"as the support of governing the country,which to a certain extent reconciled the ideological conflict between Mencius′s studies and"Guanzi"′s studies.The Jixia Academy ushered in its final glory during Xunzi′s"Three-for-Sacrificial Wine"period,and Xunzi also completed his own criticism and summary of the study of the Hundred Schools in the Jixia Academy.