新中国成立以来空间规划及其主要理论方法演进分析--基于国家空间治理导向与规划体系演进的分析框架

An Analysis of the Evolution of Spatial Planning and Its Theories in China Since 1949:Based on the Comprehensive Analysis of National Spatial Governance and Planning System Evolution

文章以“社会经济类型与国家治理导向—主要规划类型发展—主要规划理论方法演进”为分析框架,以分析国家治理导向与主要规划类型发展为背景和线索,运用文献梳理法与综合分析法分析了主要空间规划理论方法在我国国土空间治理过程中所发挥的关键性作用和演进规律。结果显示,我国的社会经济类型与国家治理导向从新中国成立初期社会主义国家计划体制的基本建设模式,向改革开放后市场体制逐步建立的经济建设中心模式和21世纪经济体制改革不断深入的经济社会调节模式,再向新时代社会经济生态调控模式转化;新中国成立后的空间规划演进历程划分为计划经济体制下的萌芽初创期、改革开放后的转型探索期、21世纪快速城市化的“多规”繁荣期、新时代生态文明的整合重塑期4个时期;空间规划的理论方法发展经历了以借鉴国外经验为主、“工具理性”、快速繁荣和交叉融合大发展4个阶段。文章认为,不同历史阶段复杂的社会经济结构呈现不同的利益格局和主要矛盾,形成主要的国家战略导向和治理模式,使得空间规划体系在此框架下不断演进与发展;未来海量涌现的新方法和新技术将赋能国土空间开发保护与实施管理,实现国土空间规划的智能化重塑。

With an analytical framework of“socioeconomic type and national governance orientation,planning types development,planning theoretical and methodological evolution”,the paper studies the key roles of major spatial planning theories and methodologies in the evolution of national territory spatial governance in China through literature review and comprehensive analysis.China has transferred from Planned Economy in the early years after the funding of PRC,to Market Economy after the Reform and Opening-up,then to economic adjustment with deepened institutional reform in the new century,and towards a regulation model integrated ecology,social and economy in the new era.The evolution of spatial planning can be divided into four stages in correspondence:preliminary stage,transition stage,multi-plans booming stage,integration and reconstruction stage.The theories and methodologies of spatial planning has experienced four periods as well:learning from foreign experience,rational instrument,rapid prosperity,and cross-disciplinary integration.The paper argues that socioeconomic structure and interests pattern in particular historical stage has shaped the strategic orientation and governance mode,thus the spatial planning system evolves and develops in it.In future,the springing up of new approaches and techniques will empower national territory spatial planning and implementation,to the vision of smart governance.