竞争性内源RNA在骨骼肌细胞增殖分化中的作用

Effects of Competing Endogenous RNA on Proliferation and Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Cells

骨骼肌是动物体的重要组成部分,与机体运动、能量消耗和生产性能等息息相关,其发育过程受多种因子调控。研究骨骼肌生长发育的相关分子机制,不仅与畜牧业生产密切相关,还能为肌肉疾病(例如肌萎缩、肌营养不良等)的治疗提供理论依据。非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)是一类不具有编码能力的RNA。其中,环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)、长非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)以及微RNA(micro RNA,miRNA)均被证实在骨骼肌发育过程中发挥着重要作用。miRNA可通过其种子序列与靶基因的3′非翻译区(3′untranslated regions,3′UTR)特异性结合,从而抑制靶基因的翻译过程或直接降解靶基因,成为多种生物过程的突出参与者。研究表明,具有miRNA反应元件(microRNA response element,MRE)的circRNA、lncRNA、假基因以及mRNA等能够竞争性结合miRNA,从而达到调控基因的表达的作用,构成竞争性内源RNA(competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA)调控网络模式,这一假说的提出颠覆了以往miRNA单方向调控靶基因的观念,在转录组学上赋予了它们新的生物学功能,具有重大的生物学意义。近年来的研究发现,ceRNA在骨骼肌生长发育的过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。本文针对ceRNA机制中的重要成员miRNA及lncRNA和circRNA在动物骨骼肌细胞增殖分化中的作用进行综述,以期拓宽骨骼肌机制研究方向,为畜牧业发展及肌肉疾病治疗提供新的思路。

The skeletal muscle is an important part of the animal body,which is closely related to body movement,energy consumption,production performance and its development process is regulated by many factors.The molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle growth and development is not only closely related to animal husbandry production,but also provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of muscle diseases,such as amyotrophic muscular dystrophy,and so on.Non-coding RNA(ncRNA)is a kind of RNA without coding ability,in which circular RNA(circRNA),long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)and micro RNA(miRNA)have been proved to play an important role in the development of skeletal muscles.miRNA can specifically bind to the 3′untranslated region(3′UTR)of the target gene through its seed sequence,so as to inhibit the translation process of the target gene or directly degrade the target gene,and become a prominent participant in a variety of biological processes.Studies have shown that circRNA,lncRNA,pseudogenes and mRNA with miRNA response elements(MRE)can competitively combine miRNA to regulate gene expression,forming a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)regulatory network model.This hypothesis subverts the previous concept of unidirectional regulation of target genes by miRNA,and endows them with new biological functions in transcriptome,which is of great biological significance.In recent years,it has been found that ceRNA plays an important regulatory role in the growth and development of skeletal muscles.This paper reviews the role of miRNA,lncRNA and circRNA in the proliferation and differentiation of animal skeletal muscle cells,which is an important member of ceRNA mechanism,in order to broaden the research direction of skeletal muscle mechanism and provide new ideas for the development of animal husbandry and the treatment of muscle diseases.