减隔震技术的发展与应用

Development and application of seismic mitigation and isolation technology

中国地震区域分布广且地震灾害严重。对建筑结构来说,抗震结构主要有传统刚性结构、延性结构及减隔震结构。传统刚性结构采用"硬抗"思路,需耗费大量建筑材料;延性结构虽然能够实现大震下结构安全的设防目标,但依然存在震后损伤严重、难以修复的问题。减隔震结构已经承受住大地震的考验,表现出良好的抗震性能。现阶段,中国的减震、隔震技术以单一应用为主,应用形式创新性不足。日本已经开始采用组合减隔震技术,并取得了良好的抗震效果。组合减隔震技术包括减震组合技术、减震与隔震组合技术。首先简要介绍减隔震技术的分类、发展及其工程应用情况。然后结合笔者设计的4个典型工程实例的特点,深入地介绍组合减隔震技术的设计思路、应用方式、耗能效果。可以看出,合理地组合运用减震与隔震技术,可充分发挥减隔震装置的耗能能力,进一步提高建筑结构的抗震性能。

The earthquake area is widely distributed and the earthquake disaster is serious in China. For the building structure, a seismic structure mainly includes traditional rigid structure, ductile structure, seismic mitigation structure and seismic isolation structure. The traditional rigid structure adopts the idea of "direct-resistance", which requires a large amount of building materials. The ductile structure can achieve the fortification goal of structural safety under rare earthquake, but there are still problems of serious damage and hard repairing after the earthquake. The seismic mitigation and isolation structures have experienced the actual earthquakes and showed good seismic performance. At the present stage, seismic mitigation and isolation technology is applied in a single way in China, and its application form is short of innovation. Japan has already begun to adopt combined seismic mitigation and isolation technology and achieved perfect seismic performance. Combined seismic mitigation and isolation technology includes combined seismic mitigation technology and combined seismic mitigation-isolation technology. First introduces the classification, development and engineering application of seismic mitigation and isolation technology briefly. Then, according to the characteristics of four typical engineering examples designed by the author, the design idea, application method and energy dissipation of combined seismic mitigation and isolation were deeply introduced. It can be seen that reasonable combination of seismic mitigation and isolation technology can fully utilize the energy dissipation capacity of seismic mitigation and isolation devices and further improve the seismic performance of structures.