5种植物精油对玉米象的杀虫活性研究

Study on the Insecticidal Activity of Five Plant Essential Oils on Sitophilus Zeamais

旨在筛选新型安全、环保的植物源杀虫剂,研究了5种植物精油不同浓度及处理时间对玉米象熏蒸活性的效果,并分析了罗勒精油和薄荷精油主要成分对玉米象的熏蒸活性。研究表明,体积分数为40.00μL/L、处理时间为24、48、72、96 h时,薄荷精油和罗勒精油对玉米象熏蒸的校正死亡率分别为87.50%、95.00%、100%、100%;45.00%、88.33%、100%、100%。薄荷精油和罗勒精油熏蒸玉米象24、48、72 h的半数致死中量分别为18.124、8.266、5.476μL/L和44.569、7.821、5.840μL/L。气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析出薄荷精油和罗勒精油的主要成分分别是薄荷醇(21.17%)和柠檬烯(12.59%)、丁香酚(38.55%)和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(29.43%)。丁香酚和柠檬烯熏蒸体积分数为75.00μL/L,处理时间为96 h时,玉米象校正死亡率分别为100%、97%。本研究表明薄荷精油和罗勒精油对储粮害虫玉米象具有较强的熏蒸效果,为研制新型植物源杀虫剂提供参考。

In order to screen new safe and environmentally friendly plant-derived stored-grain insecticides,and the effects of five plant essential oils with different concentrations and treatment times on the fumigation activity of Sitophilus Zeamais were studied,and the fumigation activity of the main components of peppermint essential oil and basil essential oil on Sitophilus Zeamais was analyzed.The results showed that the corrected mortality rates of peppermint essential oil and basil essential oil on Sitophilus Zeamais fumigation were 87.50%,95.00%,100%,100%;45.00%,88.33%,100%,100%when the concentration was 40.00μL/L and the treatment time was 24,48,72 h,and 96 h.The median lethal doses of fumigated Sitophilus Zeamais with peppermint essential oil and basil essential oil at 24,48 h,and 72 h were 18.124,8.266,5.476μL/L and 44.569,7.821,5.840μL/L.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analyzed the main components of peppermint essential oil and basil essential oil,which were menthol(21.17%)and limonene(12.59%),eugenol(38.55%)and isopropyl myristate(29.43%).When the fumigation concentration of eugenol and limonene was 75.00μL/L,and the treatment time was 96h,the corrected mortality of Sitophilus Zeamais were 100%and 97%.The results of this study indicate that peppermint essential oil and basil essential oil have a strong fumigation on stored grain Sitophilus Zeamais,which provides a reference for the development of new plant-based pesticides.