北宋祭器改革的考究及其价值

The Research and Value of the Sacrificial Vessel Reform in the Northern Song Dynasty

北宋是中国古代祭礼变革的重要发展时期,真正做到了“循古之意而勿泥于古,适今之宜而勿牵于今”。又因为北宋“循古礼”而乐此不疲,所以北宋也是研究三代古器的重要时期。祭器是一个完整的祭礼必不可缺的部分,贯穿北宋礼制改革的始终,是研究北宋礼制文化变革的关键线索。作者从北宋初年的《三礼图》,到引起北宋第一次祭器改制高潮的《政和五礼新仪》与《宣和博古图》入手,介绍了祭器在北宋时期的曲折变化,以期对北宋时期祭器的变革做一初步的尝试性探索。同时,进一步考究北宋祭器改革,在“加强社会教化,扩大统治基础”“承三代之旧,启后代之新”“强化礼治秩序,助力理学发展”等方面都有重要价值。

The Northern Song Dynasty was an important development period of the reform of ancient Chinese sacrificial rites.The reform followed the ancient rituals but didn’t copy them mechanically,and it adapted to the conditions at that time but wasn’t limited to that time.And because the Northern Song Dynasty“followed the ancient rituals”and enjoyed this,it is also an important period for the study of ancient artifacts of the three generations.Sacrificial vessels are an indispensable part of a complete ritual,which runs through the reform of the Northern Song ritual system and is a key clue to study the reform of the Northern Song ritual system.Starting with the painting of“Three Rites”in the early Northern Song Dynasty,and the paintings of“Five Rites and New Ritual during the Zhenghe Period”and“Ancient Llearning during the Xuanhe Period”which caused the first climax of the Northern Song sacrificial vessel reform,the writer introduces the twists and turns of sacrificial vessels in the Northern Song Dynasty,in order to make a preliminary tentative exploration of the changes in sacrificial vessels during the Northern Song Dynasty.At the same time,the writer further studies the important value of the Northern Song sacrificial vessel reform in strengthening social enlightenment,expanding the ruling foundation,inheriting the old three generations,inspiring new generations,strengthening the order of ritual rule,and helping the development of Neo-Confucianism.