基于政府采购活动交易数据的东北地区城市网络研究

Urban Networks Analysis of Northeast China Based on the Transaction Data of Government Procurement Activities

政企联系是企业外部联系的重要组成部分,基于政府采购活动交易数据构建的城市间供需网络可为城市网络研究提供一个新的视角。采用2018年中国政府采购活动的交易数据,构建东北地区供需城市网络,结合GIS空间分析和社会网络分析方法,揭示东北地区城市网络的空间联系格局和网络结构特征,并对其影响机制进行探讨。结果显示:中央项目层面,空间联系结构呈现出以长春为辐射中心,以哈大城市走廊为主要轴线的联系格局;地方项目网络主要表现为三省内分别以哈尔滨、长春及沈阳为中心的辐射状联系特征;且两种网络涉及节点和联系轴线数量明显不同。哈尔滨、长春及沈阳三大省会城市在网络中占据绝对中心位置,主要扮演着供应商的角色,同时城市网络中存在多个凝聚子群。基于政企联系的东北地区城市供需网络的空间结构受城市经济实力、行政壁垒、地理距离、项目预算来源以及政策引导等多方面的影响。

Urban networks have been widely examined using infrastructure connection and firm connection data.In particular,urban networks constructed based on firm connection data have been used to depict the circulation of capital,information,personnel,and products between cities.Existing studies on firm connection networks rely on either inter-or intra-firm relationships.However,there exist various important extra-firm relationships,such as those between firms and governments,research institutions,and non-profit organizations.This study innovatively incorporates the extra-firm relationships between governments and firms into urban network construction to provide new insights into urban network research.Based on the transaction data of Chinese government procurement activities in 2018,this study provides an in-depth analysis of spatial connection pattern and structure characteristics of supply-demand network in Northeast China by using the methods of GIS and Social Network Analysis,and thoroughly discusses the influencing factors on this basis.The results of the study are as follows:1)The spatial connection structure presents a connection pattern with Changchun as the radiation center and the Harbin-Dalian Corridor as the main axis in the network for central projects.While network for local projects mainly show the characteristics of intra-provincial connections with the 3 capital cities of Harbin,Changchun and Shenyang as divergence centers,and the scope of government and firm activities between cities is relatively limited in network for local projects.At the same time,the number of participating cities and linkages between the supply-demand network for local projects and central projects is obviously different,and the coverage of local project network is wider.2)No matter network for central or local projects,the 3 capital cities of the Northeast China are in the absolute center of the local supply-demand network.The degree centrality of Harbin,Changchun,and Shenyang is much greater than that of other cities in the region,and the net outdegree is always positive.With multiple cohesive subgroups,there are many small groups in the networks of Northeast China.3)Affected by the type of budget,there are obvious differences in the structure of urban network for central and local projects;At the same time,the economic strength of a city could affect the position of a city in the network by indirectly influencing the economic activities of its agents in the network,that is,the stronger the city’s strength is,the greater the centrality is in the network;However,in actual procurement activities,the behavior of government and firms will be restricted by geographical distance and administrative boundary;Finally,since government procurement activities are one of the government’s macrocontrol measures,some national policies can directly affect the strength of government-firm linkages,and thus effectively guide the coordinated development of urban supply-demand networks.