减船转产背景下沿海渔户生计脆弱性变化及其影响因素——基于浙江省舟山市转产渔户的调查

Coastal Fishermen’s Livelihood Vulnerability Changes and Its Influence Factors Under the Vessel Buyback and Fishermen Transfer Programs:Based on the Investigation of Converted Fishermen in Zhoushan City,Zhejiang Province

在构建减船转产背景下沿海渔户生计脆弱性理论分析框架的基础上,以浙江省舟山市转产渔户为研究对象,应用模糊综合评价法比较分析了不同生计方式、不同转产时期下转产渔户生计脆弱性的变化,并实证检验了影响转产渔户生计脆弱性变化的具体因素。研究表明:①虽然转产后的渔户生计暴露性水平下降,但生计敏感性程度提高且适应能力出现显著下降,最终使转产渔户的生计脆弱性水平上升,总体生计状态表现出恶化趋势;②不同生计方式下的转产渔户生计脆弱性变化存在差异,其中转产后从事休闲渔业的渔户生计脆弱性水平下降,其余4种生计方式下的转产渔户生计脆弱性水平均有所上升;③2个不同转产时期下的渔户生计脆弱性水平均上升,但2015年以前转产的渔户生计脆弱性水平增加幅度更小;④受教育程度、减船转产补贴、转产转业时间以及是否参加过转产技能培训对生计脆弱性变化具有显著的负向影响,其中减船转产补贴对生计脆弱性变化的影响最小。

Based on the theoretical analysis framework of livelihood vulnerability of coastal fishermen under the background of vessel buyback and fishermen transfer programs,this article takes the transfer fishermen in Zhoushan City of Zhejiang Province as the research object,uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to compare and analyze the changes of livelihood vulnerability of transfer fishermen under different livelihood modes and different periods of transferring the production,and empirically tests the specific factors that affect the changes of livelihood vulnerability of converted fishermen.The results showed that,although the level of livelihood exposure decreased after the conversion,the sensitivity increased and the adaptive capacity decreased significantly,which ultimately increased the livelihood vulnerability level of the converted fishermen,indicating that the overall livelihood status showed a deterioration trend.The changes of livelihood vulnerability of the converted fishermen under different livelihood modes were different.After the conversion,the livelihood vulnerability of the fishermen engaged in recreational fishery decreased,while that of the other four livelihood modes increased.The vulnerability level of fishermen’s livelihood has increased in two different periods,but the increase in the level of fishermen’livelihood vulnerability before 2015 was relatively smaller.Education level,subsidy for ship reduction and conversion,time of conversion to production and skills training had significant negative effects on the change of livelihood vulnerability.Among them,the subsidy for ship reduction and conversion had the least impact on the change of livelihood vulnerability,which indicated that the subsidy mainly based on funds has not yet played a role in the reconstruction of sustainable livelihood.