基于浆料的陶瓷增材制造技术制备多孔陶瓷研究进展

Porous Ceramics Based on Slurry-based Addictive Manufacturing Technique-A Short Review

多孔陶瓷因将多孔结构引入到陶瓷材料中而具备体积密度低、比表面积高、导热系数低、耐高温、耐腐蚀等特点,在催化过滤、生物支架、保温隔热、轻质结构部件等方面具有广泛的应用。多级孔陶瓷有效整合了多种孔结构带来的性能优势,实现了材料在同等体积水平的功能最大化,成为多孔陶瓷的发展趋势,然而其制备仍存在巨大挑战。陶瓷增材制造技术突破了传统陶瓷成形工艺需要特定模具且成形精度低的限制,仅通过层层连接的方式即可成形各种复杂形状、高精度陶瓷材料。打印前原材料形式包括粉体、块材、线材和浆料,其中基于浆料的陶瓷增材制造技术结合了陶瓷增材制造技术及胶态成形工艺的优势,不仅有利于复杂组分之间均匀混合,还为构建亚微米甚至纳米级别孔结构,实现复杂形状、精细结构多级孔陶瓷的制备提供了条件。首先概述了5类以浆料形式进行打印的陶瓷增材制造技术,包括立体光固化技术、数字光处理技术、双光子聚合技术、喷墨印刷技术以及浆料直写成形技术。进一步系统分析了基于浆料的陶瓷增材制造技术与现有多孔陶瓷制备工艺结合制备多级孔陶瓷的研究现状。最后,对基于浆料的陶瓷增材制造技术制得多孔陶瓷的具体应用及发展方向进行了分析与展望。

Porous ceramics are widely applied in catalysts supports,liquid/gas filters,biological scaffolds,thermal isolation and lightweight structural materials due to their low bulk density,high specific surface area,low thermal conductivity,excellent high-temperature resistance as well as corrosion resistance.Hierarchically porous ceramics integrating superiorities of various pore structures have multifunctionalities benefited from pores at different length scales and become the development mainstream of porous ceramics.However,there are still some challenges in the fabrication of hierarchically porous ceramics.Unlike conventional methods that require specific molds and fabricate products with a low forming accuracy,adding raw materials layer by layer with the assistance of additive manufacturing technique can fabricate high-precision products with various complex shapes.The forms of materials before printing include powder,bulk solid,wire and slurry.Compared to powder-based,bulk-based and wire-based additive manufacturing techniques,slurry-based additive manufacturing technique has some advantages of both additive manufacturing technique and colloidal forming method,favoring homogeneously mixing of multi-components,and realizing the fabrication of hierarchically porous ceramics with complex shape and fine microstructure by introducing pores in submicron-or nano-scale via other approaches for porous ceramics.This review represented five types of slurry-based additive manufacturing techniques i.e.,stereolithography apparatus,digital light processing,two-photon polymerization,inkjet printing and direct ink writing.Also,hierarchically porous ceramics fabricated by slurry-based additive manufacturing technique with the existing methods for porous ceramics were analyzed.In addition,representative application and future development of the obtained hierarchically porous ceramics based on the slurry-based additive manufacturing technique were also outlined.