2015—2019年青岛市女性人乳头瘤病毒感染及基因型分布特点

Characteristics and genotype distribution of HPV infection among women in Qingdao from 2015 to 2019

目的:探讨2015—2019年青岛市女性人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染情况及基因型分布特点,为青岛女性HPV感染宫颈癌的防治提供科学支持。方法:收集2015年1月至2019年10月期间在青岛大学附属医院体检的26396例女性宫颈脱落细胞标本,采用PCR体外扩增-DNA反向点杂交方法检测HPV16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、53、56、58、59、66、68、73、82共17种高危亚型和HPV6、11、42、43、81、83共6种低危亚型,分析HPV感染率以及年份分布、基因型分布、年龄分布特征等。结果:HPV总感染率为18.17%(4795/26396),不同基因亚型单一感染、双重感染、多重感染的感染率分别为13.41%、3.40%、1.35%。7种HPV高危亚型(HPV52、16、58、53、56、51、68)和3种HPV低危亚型(HPV81、42、43)感染率超过1%。不同年龄组HPV感染率差异有统计学意义,HPV感染率呈双峰型,在≤25岁组和46~50岁组有2个高点,分别为23.61%和19.63%。各年龄组感染者中基因型分布差异无统计学意义。结论:青岛地区女性HPV感染率处于中等水平,不同基因型和年龄组均以单一感染为主。除疫苗覆盖亚型外,本地区其他亚型如HPV53、56、51、68型感染率也较高,因此,接种疫苗后仍需定期HPV筛查以发现疫苗未覆盖HPV基因型感染,建议优化HPV疫苗基因亚型以预防HPV感染宫颈癌的发生。

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of human papillomavirus(HPV)infection and gene subtypes among women in Qingdao form 2015 to 2019,so as to provide scientific support for the prevention and treatment of HPV related cervical cancer in Qingdao.Methods A total of 26396 female cervical exfoliated cell specimens were collected at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2015 to October 2019,then 17 high-risk HPV genotypes and 6 low-risk HPV genotypes were detected by PCR and reverse dot blot in vitro,and prevalence and year,genotype and age distribution were analyzed.Results The total prevalence of HPV was 18.17%.The prevalence of single infection,double infection and multiple infection were 13.41%,3.40%and 1.35%respectively.The infection rate of 7 high-risk subtypes(HPV52,16,58,53,56,51,68)and 3 low-risk subtypes(HPV81,42,43)exceeded 1%.The HPV prevalence of different age groups was significantly different and the prevalence showed a bimodal pattern among different age groups.There were two peaks in the≤25 years group and 46-50 years group,which were 23.61%and 19.63%respectively.There was no significant difference in genotype distribution among different age groups.Conclusions The cervical HPV infection rate of women in Qingdao is at a medium level,and single infection is the main pattern in different genotypes and age groups.In addition to the vaccine coverage subtypes,the prevalence of other subtypes such as HPV 53,56,51 and 68 in this region is also high.Therefore,regular HPV screening is still needed after vaccination to find out HPV genotypes which are not covered by the vaccine.It is suggested that the government optimize the HPV vaccine coverage genotypes to prevent the occurrence of HPV infection associated with cervical cancer.