免疫遗传因素在慢性HBV感染中的作用

Role of immunogenetic factors in chronic hepatitis B

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染宿主后并不会直接导致肝细胞病变,而是通过与宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用引起细胞病变,使疾病进展。HBV感染宿主后有着不同的结局,这与感染HBV的宿主年龄、性别、种族等有关。然而,当同种族、性别及年龄相当的宿主经同方式感染相同的HBV亚型后,亦会出现不同的预后。这提示宿主免疫遗传因素在其中起到决定性的作用。固有免疫、适应性免疫和细胞因子通路中相关遗传因素的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与不同的临床预后情况密切相关。本文主要针对与慢性HBV感染相关的免疫遗传因素的最新研究进展进行综述,总结这些研究中发现的慢性HBV感染宿主免疫遗传决定因素的潜在作用及其临床意义,期望为临床实践提供帮助。

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)can not cause hepatocellular disease directly after infecting the host.Instead,it causes cytopathic disease through the interaction with the host immune system,thereby advances the disease.Age,sex,ethnicity,etc.of HBV infected persons are associated with different clinical outcomes after HBV infects the host.However,different outcomes can even occur when the hosts have the same race,sex,and age are infected with the same HBV subtype in the same way.It suggests that the host immune genetic factors play a decisive role.The single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of innate immunity,adaptive immunity and related genetic factors in cytokine pathways is closely related to different clinical prognosis.This article mainly reviews the latest research progress in immune genetic factors association with chronic HBV infection,and summarizes the potential role and clinical significance of the host immune genetic determinants of chronic HBV infection,hoping to provide help for clinical practice.