3D打印复合墨水体系在软骨组织工程领域研究进展

Research progress of 3D printing composite inks for cartilage tissue engineering

软骨是人体非常重要的结缔组织.由于自愈合能力有限,软骨损伤一直是临床治疗难点.软骨组织工程的发展,为解决软骨修复难题带来新的契机.增材制造(3D打印)技术能够精准、快速、个性化地构建功能修复体,在软骨组织工程领域具备极大的应用价值.以生物材料为基础的打印墨水是3D打印软骨组织工程的核心.当前复合墨水体系凭借综合性能优势成为3D打印软骨组织工程的关注重点.本文首先从软骨修复需求出发,介绍了3D打印软骨组织工程研究常用的生物材料的类型和特点,论述了国内外利用复合墨水体系构建软骨支架和骨/软骨分层支架的研究现状.之后着重论述了软骨生物打印采用的复合生物墨水体系的发展前沿,包括各类不同成型机理和性能特点的复合生物墨水体系、多针头生物打印、同轴生物打印、多技术集成打印等.最后阐述了软骨生物打印实现临床应用需要克服的挑战,为今后生物墨水研发提供一定指引.

Cartilage is a very important connective tissue in the human body.However,because of the limited ability of this tissue to self-heal,its repair following injury presents a significant clinical challenge.The development of cartilage tissue engineering provides new opportunities to solve the problem of cartilage repair.Additive manufacturing(3D printing),which can be used to construct functional devices in an accurate,efficient,and personalized manner,has great application value in cartilage tissue engineering.Printing ink based on biomaterials is an important breakthrough in efforts to advance the applications of 3D printing in cartilage tissue engineering.The development of composite inks with excellent comprehensive properties has become an important trend in 3D printing-based cartilage tissue engineering.In the present paper,we first introduce the categories and properties of biomaterials used for cartilage tissue engineering.Then,we review the composite printing inks used to construct cartilage and osteochondral repair scaffolds.We also discuss the development frontiers of composite bioinks used to bioprint cartilage,including those with different cross-linking mechanisms and features,bioinks for multi-nozzle bioprinting,bioinks for coaxial bioprinting,and the integration of different technologies to realize cartilage bioprinting.Finally,we summarize the main challenges faced by cartilage bioprinting to provide guidance for future research and application of bioinks.