Dynamics,impacts,and future projections of Arctic rapid change

Observations show that Arctic sea ice has been dramatically declined,and the surface temperature in Arctic region is dramatically increasing since 1970s.By the end of 2020,the summer sea ice extent had been decreased by more than 50%comparing with the area in the late 1970s.The increasing rate of surface atmospheric and oceanic temperature was about 2-3 times faster than that of the global average(Meredith et al.,2019).Arctic is experiencing rapid change.