深化农村土地制度改革促进城乡融合发展

Deepening the Reform of Rural Land System to Promote Integrated Urban-Rural Development

农村土地制度改革可以通过优化土地资源配置、公平分配土地增值收益、促进农业转移人口市民化,以及土地、劳动力、资本市场相互作用促进城乡融合发展。新一轮土地制度改革为探索集体土地所有制的实现形式,统一城乡建设用地市场积累了宝贵经验,但仍面临着土地经济价值与社会价值、生态价值之间的矛盾;土地财产功能与社会保障功能的矛盾;增加农民土地财产收入与地方政府对土地财政高度依赖的矛盾;改变城市建设用地的供地结构与城市建设用地需求的矛盾,以及土地增值收益分配的多重利益矛盾。破解上述症结性难题,要正确处理土地资源配置中政府与市场的关系;强化土地制度改革政策的内部关联,以及土地制度与户籍、财政、金融等相关制度改革的外部关联;建立公平合理的土地增值收益分配机制。

The reform of rural land system can promote the integrated urban-rural development through rational allocation of land resources,fair distribution of land increment revenue,promoting the citizenization of the migrant agricultural population,and the interaction of land,labor and capital markets.The new round of land system reform has accumulated valuable experiences for the implementation of collective land ownership and unified urban and rural construction land market.However,it is still facing the contradiction between economic value and social,ecological value of land,the contradiction between land property function and social security function,the contradiction between increasing farmers’land property income and local governments’highly dependence on land finance,the contradiction between changing the land supply structure of urban construction land and urban construction land demand,and the multiple interest contradiction of land increment revenue distribution.To solve the above problems,we must deal with the relationship between government and the market in the allocation of land resources correctly,strengthen the internal connection of land system reform,and the external relationship between the reform of land system and reform of household registration,public finance,finance and other related system,and establish a fair and reasonable land increment revenue distribution mechanism.