传统乡贤社会教化的文化逻辑及其当代价值

The Cultural Logic and Contemporary Value of the Social Education of Traditional Local Virtuous People

在重尊卑、别贵贱、分士庶的封建社会等级结构和权力体系中,传统乡贤作为一个特殊的社会阶层,是政治、经济、文化等一整套社会支撑系统和有限资源分配、利益共生的产物。作为权力终端的延伸、民间治理的代表、德财文信的化身,虽然传统乡贤随着国家权力的基层渗透和乡土社会结构的变迁而消亡,但其执伦践常、崇德尚贤、敬宗睦族的伦理诉求和热心地方公务、推行社会教化的实践表达及其凝聚的知识观念、行为规范、价值取向等,对现实乡村社会教化仍具重要价值。其所蕴含的耕读传家、成己成人、尽心知性等教育价值追求,不仅能直面现代乡村社会教化危机,还能有效促成现代人自我与自然的和谐共生、自我与他者的和美共处、自我与本我的和合共通。

In the hierarchical structure and power system of feudal society that emphasized the differences between honor and inferiority,noble and humble,and elite and common,traditional local virtuous people were a special social stratum.They were the product of a complete set of social support systems such as politics,economy and culture,the distribution of limited resources and the symbiosis of interests.Traditional local virtuous people are the extension of the power terminal,the representative of folk governance and the embodiment of morality,finance,culture and faith.With the infiltration of state power at the grass-roots level and the change of local social structure,the traditional local virtuous people disappeared.However,their ethical demands of practicing ethics,advocating virtue and virtue,harmonizing families,the practical expression of being enthusiastic about local public affairs and carrying out social education,as well as their condensed knowledge concept,code of conduct and value orientation still have important value for the real rural social education.Their pursuit of educational values,such as inheriting farming and reading,achieving themselves and others,having the sense of responsibility and knowledge,can not only face the educational crisis of modern rural society,but also effectively promote the harmonious coexistence between modern people’s self and nature,the harmonious coexistence between self and others,and the harmony between self and id.