黄山市5种常见灌木对大气颗粒物的滞尘效应比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Dust Detention Effects of Five Common Shrubs on Atmospheric Particulate Matter of Huangshan City

以黄山市5种常见灌木黄山杜鹃、桂花、紫叶小蘖、茶树和小叶黄杨为试验材料,分析了不同植物对大气颗粒物的滞尘效应及滞尘后的生理生化响应。结果表明,同一环境条件下,随着滞尘时间的延长,滞尘量呈现为先上升后趋于平稳的趋势,且5种植物的滞尘能力存在显著差异,由强到弱依次为紫叶小蘖、茶树、桂花、小叶黄杨和黄山杜鹃;5种不同灌木滞尘粒径主要集中于2.5-100μm之间,降尘物主要为在大气中经一定距离漂移的TSP,紫叶小蘖和茶树平均粒径显著小于桂花和小叶黄杨(P<0.05),极显著小于黄山杜鹃(P<0.01);随着滞尘时间的延长,5种灌木的比叶重均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且彼此间存在显著差异,其中紫叶小蘖最高,依次为茶树、桂花、小叶黄杨和黄山杜鹃;随着滞尘时间的延长,5种灌木叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,叶片细胞膜透性显著增大,且紫叶小檗和茶树的细胞膜透性显著低于桂花、小叶黄杨和黄山杜鹃(P<0.05);随着滞尘时间的延长,5种灌木叶片的脯氨酸含量逐渐上升,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量则先上升后下降,且紫叶小檗和茶树的渗透调节物质含量显著高于桂花、小叶黄杨和黄山杜鹃(P<0.05)。

This study takes azalea on the Mount Huangshan,osmanthus fragrans,purple leaf tiller,tea plant and buxus microphylla as the research objects to analyze the physiological and biochemical response to dust retention and dust retention effect of different plants on atmospheric particulates and their physiological and biochemical responses after dust retention.The results show that:with the extension of dust retention time,the dust retention capacity increased first and then tended to be stable,and there are significant differences in the dust retention capacity of the five plants.From strong to weak,they are purple leaf tiller,tea plant,osmanthus fragrans,buxus microphylla and azalea on the Mount Huangshan respectively;The dust particle size of five different shrubs mainly concentrats in the range of 2.5-100μM.The dust fall is mainly TSP drifting in the atmosphere through a certain distance.The average grain size of purple leaf tiller and tea plant is significantly smaller than that of osmanthus fragrans and buxus microphylla(P<0.05),and extremely significantly smaller than that of azalea on the Mount Huangshan(P<0.01);With the extension of dust retention time,the specific leaf weight of five common shrubs increases first and then decreases,and there are significant differences among them.The purple leaf tiller is the highest,followed by tea plant,osmanthus fragrans,buxus microphylla and azalea on the Mount Huangshan;With the extension of dust retention time,the relative electrical conductivity and MDA content in leaves of five common shrubs shows a gradually increasing trend,and the cell membrane permeability of leaves increased significantly.The cell membrane permeability of purple leaf tiller and tea plant is significantly lower than that of osmanthus fragrans,buxus microphylla and azalea on the Mount Huangshan(P<0.05);With the extension of the dust retention time,the proline content of the leaves of the five common shrubs gradually increases,and the soluble sugar and soluble protein content first increases and then decreases.The content of osmotic adjustment substances in purple leaf barberry and tea trees is significantly higher than that of osmanthus and small leaf boxwood and azalea on the Mount Huangshan.(P<0.05)