一株聚氨酯降解菌的分离及其降解特性解析

Isolation and characterization of a polyurethane-degrading bacterium

利用微生物对聚氨酯(Polyurethane,PUR)类污染物进行生物降解是目前的研究热点之一。寻找能高效降解聚氨酯的微生物是该类研究的重要前提。文中从塑料垃圾填埋场中分离培养了1株PUR高效降解菌株P10。基于菌落形态观察和16S rDNA系统发育分析,鉴定其为短芽孢杆菌属Brevibacillus的细菌。通过PUR的模式底物水性聚氨酯(Impranil DLN)比浊法,确定了该菌株能在6 d内降解71.4%的Impranil DLN。此外,菌株P10能够利用商业聚氨酯海绵作为唯一碳源进行生长;通过降解条件的优化,在5%(V/V)LB作为额外碳源的辅助下实现了6 d内对50 mg PUR泡沫的降解。以上结果表明Brevibacillus sp.P10在聚氨酯废弃物的生物降解过程中具有一定的应用潜力。

Biodegradation of polyurethane(PUR)pollutants by microorganisms has received widespread attention currently.Identification of microorganisms capable of efficiently degrading PUR plastics is a key point.In this study,a strain P10 capable of degrading PUR was isolated from the plastic wastes,and identified as a bacterium belonging to the genus of Brevibacillus based on colony morphology and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis.Brevibacillus sp.P10 was capable of degrading 71.4%of waterborne polyurethane(Impranil DLN)after 6 days growth in MSM medium with DLN as a sole carbon source.In addition,strain P10 can use commercial PUR foam as the sole carbon source for growth.Brevibacillus sp.P10 can degrade 50 mg PUR foam after 6 days growth in MSM medium supplemented with 5%(V/V)LB after optimization of degradation conditions.This indicates that Brevibacillus sp.P10 has potential to be used in biodegradation of PUR waste.