相对收入、家庭成员互动与女性家务劳动供给--基于性别展示的视角

Relative Income,Family Member Interaction and Female Domestic Labor Supply--From the Perspective of Gender Presentation

家务劳动的合理化分配有助于最大程度释放女性性别红利,提高社会生产参与率。通过引入家庭成员互动构建家庭时间分配模型,并利用中国家庭追踪调查数据,探讨了相对收入、家庭成员互动与女性家务劳动供给的关系。研究发现,女性相对收入与家务劳动供给的反向关系是家庭分工由性别主导转向效用主导的现实反映,家庭成员互动会弱化两者之间的负向关系。当家庭成员互动过大时,女性相对收入与家务劳动供给的反向关系只存在于一定区间内。进一步的机制分析表明,女性与家庭成员互动中表现出来的性别展示行为是其家务供给的核心构成要件。子女抚养成本增加、配偶认同感增强以及长辈协同减弱都促进女性的性别展示增强,进而弱化相对收入对家庭劳务供给的影响。未来人口与就业政策设计应同时兼顾家庭劳务分配需要与社会经济发展需要,提高家庭发展能力,促进不同性别、年龄群体平等参与经济建设,共享经济发展成果。

The rational distribution of housework can help release the gender dividend of women to the greatest extent and improve the participation rate of social production.Based on the data from the Chinese Household Tracking Survey,this paper firstly conducts a theoretical analysis with the family time allocation model,and discusses the relationship between women's relative income and housework hours from the perspective of the mechanism of housework time allocation.The results show that the inverse relationship between women's relative income and housework hours is a realistic reflection of the shift of family division from gender dominance to utility dominance,and the relationship between the two is the result of the mechanism of housework time allocation that contributes to the improvement of household productivity.The results of further mechanism analysis show that the gender display behavior in the interaction between women and family members is the core component of the housework time allocation mechanism.From different perspectives,such as children,spouse and spouse’s parents,it is shown that female gender display behavior plays a significant role in housework time allocation,and the situation of family division of labor according to gender still exists.Future population and employment policy design should give consideration to both the needs of family time distribution and the needs of social and economic development,promote the equal participation of different gender and age groups in economic construction and share the fruits of economic development.