国外商业绅士化研究进展及其对本土研究的启示

Literature review of foreign research on commercial gentrification and the enlightenment for Chinese studies

商业是城市中最活跃,并且对城市发展和空间重构产生重要影响的功能之一。近20年来,随着产业转型与城市更新实践,日益突出的商业绅士化现象愈发引起国外学术界关注。同时,多源数据和定量分析方法的利用,促进了商业绅士化专题研究逐渐增多。商业绅士化的发生背景、表现特征、推动主体与形成机制,以及商业绅士化导致阶层置换、加深种族隔离等社会空间效应是主要的研究内容。通过对国外商业绅士化研究文献的梳理,以期展示城市商业高档化重构的机理以及绅士化演进的复杂性。基于当前我国城市转型和消费转型的特征与趋势,尝试提出对商业绅士化本土研究方向和方法的启示。

Commerce is the most active and one of the most important functions of a city,which significantly influences the urban development and urban restructuring process. Though gentrification has becoming a hot topic of urban studies since 1960 s, much less attention has been focused on the commercial changes compared with the residential counterpart. Commercial gentrification is the phenomenon of class displacement caused by retail up-gradation, which has become a generalized transformation of commercially utilizing urban space that mostly catering to middle and up-class consumers. In recent two decades, increasingly evident commercial gentrification phenomenon emerges with the rising of cultural and creative industry, as well as retail-oriented revitalization practices in many countries. So, it attracts worldwide academic attention, and specific studies on commercial gentrification becomes more than before, which also due to multiple sources of big data and new quantitative analysis. Although several Chinese geography researchers have already made academic reviews on gentrification studies, there is nothing on commercial gentrification specially still now. This paper firstly traces back the process of commercial gentrification researching, which has undergone a transit from being overlooked to being emphasized gradually. Secondly, it summarizes the contents of these papers, according to the background of neighborhoods commercial changes, the characteristics, the promoters and mechanism of commercial upgradation, as well as the social effects in displacement and segregation. It argues that the concept of commercial gentrification coined by Zukin should be expanded, and majority studies are restricted to a narrow explanation of empirical researches, which to some extent due to the limiting of available data and wide-used methods in a long time. Thirdly,it puts forward some gaps of commercial gentrification studies based on the trend and characteristics of urban revitalization and consumption transformation in current China, which will contributes to the understanding of the complexity of gentrification geography. At last, it suggests that multiple urban policies should be established in order to strengthen the survivability of longtime local small businesses and to protect the right of displaced low-income residents. This paper will enrich the literature of gentrification research and provide the basis for urban policy making for high-quality development.