科学社会主义理论与实践中的“市场经济”问题

"Market Economy" in the Theory and Practice of Scientific Socialism

资本主义社会过渡到社会主义社会以后实行什么样的经济体制,这是科学社会主义的重大理论和实践问题。马克思恩格斯根据当时欧洲主要资本主义国家经济发展程度提出消灭商品经济,有计划组织社会生产和交换的设想。列宁坚持这个基本设想,在过渡时期根据实际情况用"新经济政策"取代"战时共产主义"政策。斯大林为了加快苏联工业化和农业集体化的步伐,中止"新经济政策",建立高度集中统一的计划经济体制,在过渡完成以后进一步使之系统化为社会主义"模式"。二战以后,随着世界经济和科技新的发展,苏联模式逐渐暴露其僵化问题,束缚了生产力发展,产生了严重后果。中国共产党在新中国成立以后不久就提出以苏为鉴,走自己的发展道路。改革开放中经过艰辛探索,建立了前所未有的社会主义市场经济体制,解放和发展了生产力,使科学社会主义在21世纪的中国焕发出强大生机活力。

What kind of economic system will be implemented after the transition from capitalist society to socialist society is a major theoretical and practical problem of scientific socialism. Shortly after the founding of new China, the Party proposed to take the Soviet Union as a mirror and take its own path of development. Through painstaking explorations in reform and opening up, we have established an unprecedented socialist market economic system, liberated and developed the productive forces, and made scientific socialism glow with great vitality in China in the 21 st century.