马克思对资本主义意识形态的四重批判及现实启示

Marx’s Criticism of Capitalist Ideology at Four Levels and Its Practical Implication

在马克思的文本中,“意识形态”一词呈现多元化的意蕴,但对资本主义意识形态的批判始终是其意识形态理论的主要导向。马克思对资本主义意识形态进行了全面批判,从立论基础看,实现了对古典政治经济学的系统批判;从外在样态看,对资本主义意识形态的多重样态进行了总体性批判;从内核实质看,批判了用颠倒的观点看待现实世界的错误观念;从生成逻辑看,对资本主义意识形态的生产主体及其意识形态之“神秘”生产过程进行了彻底批判,实现了对意识形态的系统“去蔽”。马克思对资本主义意识形态的多重批判对当今加强社会主义意识形态建设同样具有现实启示意义。

In Marx’s text,the word“ideology”presents diversified meanings,but the criticism of capitalist ideology has always been the main orientation of his ideological theory.Marx makes a comprehensive criticism of capitalist ideology and realizes the systematic criticism of classical political economy from the theoretical basis;from the external perspective,he conducts a total critique of the multiple forms of capitalist ideology;from the essence of the core,he criticizes the wrong idea of looking at the real world from an inverted point of view;from the perspective of generative logic,he thoroughly criticizes the production subject of capitalist ideology and its“mysterious”production process,and realizes the elimination of drawbacks of ideology.Marx’s multiple criticism of capitalist ideology has practical significance for strengthening the construction of socialist ideology today.