从“心统性情”略论张载与朱熹心性思想之异同

Comparative Study on the Mind Thoughts of ZHANG Zai and ZHU Xi from the Perspective of“Mind Combines Reason and Emotion”

“心统性情”是张载提出的一个命题。朱熹对这一命题大加赞赏并对其做出系统的诠释,构成其心性论的核心内容。“心统性情”涉及的是心性思想。对照而言,张载、朱熹心性论既有不同之处,也有相同之处。张载、朱熹构筑了不同的思想体系,对性、心的定位与界定不同,但是,从工夫论的角度来说,张载、朱熹对“心”的功用高度重视,由此形成下学上达的为学路径。由此可知,朱熹“心统性情”是工夫论的问题。

“Mind combines reason and emotion”is a proposition put forward by ZHANG Zai.ZHU Xi highly appreciated this proposition and made a systematic interpretation of it,which constitutes the core content of his mind theory.“Mind combines reason and emotion”is a thought about mind.By comparison,there are both differences and similarities in the theories of mind nature between ZHANG Zai and ZHU Xi.They construct different ideological systems with different positioning and definition on reason and mind.However,from the perspective of effort theory,ZHANG Zai and ZHU Xi attach great importance to the function of“mind”,thus forming the learning path of“studying cases and knowing nature”.It can be seen that Zhu Xi’s“Mind combines reason and emotion”is the issue of effort theory.