须根自然腐解对滇重楼生长及其活性成分含量的影响

Influences of Natural Fibrous Root Decay on Growth and Active Component Content of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis

目的:研究添加外源性须根在自然腐解条件下对滇重楼生长发育和入药品质的影响。方法:通过室温盆栽试验,研究不同须根施用量自然腐解对滇重楼根系菌根侵染率、生理生化指标以及重楼皂苷含量的影响。结果:施加不同须根量自然腐解处理对滇重楼根系丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的侵染率无显著性影响,与侵染强度存在部分显著性差异;滇重楼叶片光合色素含量随须根施用量的增加显著降低,叶绿素总量最大降幅达78.7%;滇重楼叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和丙二醛含量总体呈上升趋势,3种保护酶活性反应程度不同,过氧化物酶和丙二醛最大增幅达181.6%和200.0%;在滇重楼根系中上述6种成分含量有不同程度减少,过氧化物酶和丙二醛最大降幅达44.6%和69.7%;不同须根处理会降低滇重楼活性成分的含量,4种皂苷总含量降幅最大达58.9%,总皂苷含量最大降幅达46.9%。结论:须根自然腐解会影响滇重楼的根系土壤微生物环境、减少滇重楼叶片光合色素含量和破坏滇重楼细胞稳定性等,干扰滇重楼的生长发育,降低其药用成分含量,导致滇重楼发生连作障碍。

Objective:To explore the effect of natural decay of exogenously added fibrous roots on the growth and development of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and its medicinal quality. Method: The effects of natural decay of fibrous roots at different amounts on mycorrhizal infection rate,physiological and biochemical indexes,and saponin contents of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were studied in pot culture experiments at room temperature. Result:The results showed that the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi in the root of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was not significantly affected by different fibrous root treatments,but there were significant differences in infection intensity. The photosynthetic pigment content in the leaves declined significantly with the increase in fibrous root amount,and the total chlorophyll was decreased by 78.7% at most.The contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde in the leaves of P. polyphylla var.yunnanensis showed an overall upward trend. The activities of the three protective enzymes varied. The peroxidase and malondialdehyde were reduced by 181.6% and 200.0% at most. In the root system of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis,the contents of the above-mentioned six components decreased to varying degrees,with the largest reductions of peroxidase and malondialdehyde reaching 44.6% and 69.7%. Different fibrous root treatments resulted in a decrease in active component content of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The total content of the four saponins was decreased by 58.9% at most,and the total saponin content by 46.9%.Conclusion: The natural decay of fibrous roots affects the soil microbial environment of root system,reduces the photosynthetic pigment content in leaves,and destroys the stability of cells,thus interfering with the growth and development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis,reducing its medicinal components,and causing continuous cropping obstacles.