相对收入与中国夫妻地位认同——基于“社会比较—性别规范”框架的分析

Relative Income and Class Identification of Chinese Couples——Analysis Based on the Framework of “Social Comparison-Gender Norms”

中国夫妻地位认同仍是以家庭而非个人为基础的,地位决定论强调夫妻任何一方绝对收入的增加都会提升双方的地位认同,然而值得关注的是,夫妻之间的收入比较对双方地位认同的形成究竟会产生什么样的影响。通过构建中国夫妻地位认同的"社会比较—性别规范"分析框架,利用2010—2017年间五轮CGSS数据的分析发现:夫妻之间收入比较与社会性别规范共同形塑了双方的地位认同。相对收入的增加能够显著提升已婚男性的地位认同;同时,受到传统性别规范的制约,收入并不会成为已婚女性与配偶比较的资源,相对收入的变化也不会显著影响其地位认同。"社会比较—性别规范"的理论框架更好地诠释了中国夫妻地位认同的形成机制。

On the basis that the class identification of Chinese couples is still in the unit of family rather than the individual. While the status determinism thesis emphasizes that an increase in the absolute income of each spouse will enhance both of their class identification, it is still unclear how the relative income between husband and wife affects their respective class identification. This article proposes a theoretical framework of "social comparison-gender norms". Based on the analysis of five waves of Chinese General Social Survey datasets from 2010 to 2017, this study shows that the relative income between husband and wife and the gender norms together shape the husband and wife’ s class identification. Specifically, the increase in relative income only significantly enhances the class identification of married men, but not the married women. Constrained by the traditional gender roles, income is not a kind of resource for comparison between married women and their spouses, and changes in relative income do not significantly affect married women’s class identification. Therefore, the theoretical framework of "social comparisongender norms" can better explain the formation mechanisms of the class identification among Chinese couples.