专利资助、专利质量与企业绩效——基于生命周期理论的视角

Patent Subsidy,Patent Quality and Enterprise Performance:Based on the Perspective of Life Cycle Theory

从企业生命周期视角出发,引入专利质量,细化技术质量与经济质量平衡的质量导向,考察专利资助政策对企业绩效的影响机理。对我国2014—2018年237家上市企业面板数据实证研究发现:首先,专利资助对企业绩效有显著积极影响,技术质量与经济质量在专利资助与企业绩效间起部分中介作用,且经济质量中介作用高于技术质量;其次,技术质量在企业成长期与成熟期均起中介作用,在衰退期不起中介作用;最后,经济质量仅在企业成长期起中介作用,在企业成熟期与衰退期均不起中介作用。基于以上结论,对进一步推动企业专利质量提升提出建议:专利资助政策聚焦到专利质量的各个维度而不是单一指标,对专利技术质量和经济质量按1∶1.3~1∶1.4比例进行资助,并区分企业发展阶段有针对性地予以资助。

From the perspective of enterprise life cycle,this paper introduces patent quality,refines the quality orientation of the balance between technical quality and economic quality,and investigates the impact mechanism of patent subsidy policy on enterprise performance.The empirical study on the panel data of 237 listed enterprises in China from 2014 to 2018 shows that:firstly,patent funding has a significant positive impact on enterprise performance,technical quality and economic quality play a partial intermediary role between patent funding and enterprise performance,and the intermediary role of economic quality is higher than that of technical quality.Secondly,technology quality plays an intermediary role in the growth and maturity of enterprises,but not in the recession period of enterprises.Finally,economic quality only plays an intermediary role in the growth period,but not in the mature period and recession period of enterprises.Based on the above conclusions,some suggestions are put forward to further promote the improvement of enterprise patent quality:the patent subsidy policy focuses on all dimensions of patent quality rather than a single index,subsidizes the patent technology quality and economic quality in the proportion of 1∶1.3~1∶1.4,and gives targeted subsidies according to the development stages of enterprises.