浙江省隐形冠军企业的驱动模式和政策成效

Driving Model and Policy Effect of Zhejiang Hidden Champions

浙江省针对隐形冠军(培育)企业提出了"专精特新"四大指标。通过调查2015—2017年浙江省555家隐形冠军(培育)企业,从创新驱动和要素驱动两个维度划分企业生产驱动模式,探究不同驱动模式下的企业特征,并检验政策扶持对企业生产经营状况的影响。结果发现:(1)浙江省隐形冠军(培育)企业的生产驱动模式可以分为4种类型,即低水平双驱动、要素驱动、高水平双驱动和创新驱动,目前总体上以低水平双驱动模式为主,且企业的总体数量和驱动模式在省内区域分布不平衡;(2)采取不同驱动模式企业的生产经营状况存在显著差异,高水平双驱动可能是企业未来发展的重要方向,具体可有在要素驱动基础上增加研发投入和在创新驱动基础上集聚要素两种途径;(3)政策扶持可以有效改善企业生产经营状况,特别是对企业的研发投入与主营业务收入促进作用明显。基于结论,为浙江省隐形冠军培育工作提出新思路和对策,包括提高入选标准、落实梯队培育与退出机制、加快推进浙中南地区培育工作、以驱动模式为依据精准施策等。

Zhejiang province has put forward four indicators for hidden champions,including focus on production,high-quality manufacturing,characteristic development,and continuous innovation.Based on the sample composed of 555 hidden champions in Zhejiang from 2015 to 2017,this paper examines the driving models of these enterprises from two dimensions by using cluster analysis,also explores the characteristics of different kinds of hidden champions and testes the effects of policy support on their business operations.The results show that:(1)The hidden champions in Zhejiang can be divided into four types,namely,factor-driven,innovation-driven,low-level dual-driven,and highlevel dual-driven,at present,most of them are low-level dual-driven enterprises,and the number and driving models of hidden champions are not evenly distributed in different regions.(2)There are significant differences in the business operations of hidden champions with different driving models,and the high-level dual-driven provides an important direction for the development of hidden champions,specifically,there are two ways to increase R&D investment on factor-driven basis and gather elements on innovation-driven basis.(3)Policy support has generated a desirable impact on the business operations of hidden champions,in particular,the research and development investment and main business income are obvious.Based on above conclusions,the paper provides some countermeasures for Zhejiang province,including raising the selection criteria,implementing the echelon cultivation and exit mechanism,accelerating the cultivation work of the central and southern regions of Zhejiang,and accurately implementing the policy based on different driving models.