美国3~6岁幼儿写作教育:理念、标准与实践特征

American 3~6 Years Old Children’s Writing Education:Concept,Standards and Practical Characteristics

美国较为重视早期写作教育,关注幼儿写作能力对个体适应未来学习与生活的重要作用。美国3~6岁幼儿写作教育理念反对消极的等待发展观,支持幼儿读写能力的持续萌发;反对孤立的技能强化,强调幼儿写作的社会文化互动功能;反对线性写作教育观,着力促进幼儿语言的整体发展。在此理念指导下,美国形成了《州共同核心标准》指导下的幼儿写作教育标准体系,支持幼儿利用多种语言符号进行写作,强调幼儿写作的记录与表达功能,引导幼儿写作教育的超越技能取向。美国3~6岁幼儿写作教育的实践特征表现为:重视创设丰富的写作环境,重视家园合作开展幼儿写作教育,重视凸显幼儿写作的工具性价值,重视促进幼儿的读写能力整合发展,重视在文本转换中教学写作规范等。

The United States attaches great importance to early writing education,focusing on the important role of children’s writing ability in adapting to future learning and life.The concept of writing education for preschoolers and kindergarteners in the United States opposes the negative concept of waiting for development and supports the continuous germination of children’s writing ability;opposes the isolated skill strengthening and emphasizes the social and cultural interaction function of writing;opposes the concept of linear writing education and strives to promote the overall development of preschoolers and kindergarteners’language.Under the guidance of this concept,the United States has formed a standard system for preschoolers and kindergarteners’writing education under the guidance of Common Core State Standards,which supports children to write with multiple symbols,emphasizes the recording and expression functions of writing,and guides preschoolers and kindergarteners’writing education to go beyond skills.The practical characteristics of American preschoolers and kindergarteners’writing education are as follows:paying attention to the rich writing environment,paying attention to the cooperation between home,preschool and kindergarten,highlighting the instrumental value of writing,promoting the integrated development of reading and writing ability,and paying attention to teaching writing in text transformation.