花生起垄分层施肥覆膜播种机研制

Design of Peanut Ridging Fertilizer and Mulch Film Planter

针对花生机械化播种中肥料利用率低、播种质量不高等问题,根据花生播种农艺要求,设计了一种可以起垄、分层施肥和覆膜的花生播种机,将启爆氮与中补钙复合肥和后援氮复合肥分层施加,满足花生生命周期所需营养成分。对播种机关键零部件进行了理论分析和参数设计,以施肥深度、作业质量为评价指标对播种机主要作业环节进行田间试验。试验结果表明:总排肥量稳定性变异系数为3.8%,空穴率为0.8%,种子机械破损率0.4%,种子深度合格率92.1%,膜边覆土厚度合格率94.1%,各项性能均表现良好,符合设计要求。

Aiming at the problems of low utilization rate of fertilizer and low sowing quality in mechanized planting of peanut,a peanut seeder was designed according to the agronomic requirements of peanut seeding,which could ridge,layer fertilize and film mulch.The peanut seeder applied blasting nitrogen,medium calcium compound fertilizer and supporting nitrogen compound fertilizer in layers to meet the nutritional components needed in the life cycle of peanut.The key parts of the seeder were analyzed theoretically and the parameters were designed.Field tests were carried out on the main operation links of the seeder with the evaluation indexes of fertilization depth and operation quality.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of stability of total fertilizer discharge was 3.8%,the rate of cavity was 0.8%,the rate of mechanical damage of seeds was 0.4%,the qualified rate of seed depth was 92.1%,and the qualified rate of soil thickness of film edge was 94.1%.All performances were good and met the design requirements.