《诗品》中“子卿双凫”的问题之争与探讨

Debate and Discussion on the Problem of "Zi Qing Shuang Fu" in Shi Pin

"五言始于苏、李",苏武与李陵历来并称于世。钟嵘《诗品》序中却撇开苏武,唯独标举李陵为五言诗宗,正文上品内亦只列李陵,未见苏武;而序文末尾列举"五言之警策者"时,苏武又赫然在列。如此自相矛盾的品评不免使后人怀疑"子卿双凫"中的"子卿"是否为苏武。其中"子卿"乃六朝另一"子卿"、"子卿"本作"少卿"两类反对观点最具有代表性。但我们结合相关文献史料,从《诗品》篇章架构与行文逻辑、"双凫俱北飞"的诗歌内容与背景等角度考证得出:"子卿"本作"子卿"的理由远比其他猜测坚确得多。至于"《诗品》内不称苏诗",或是因苏武诗宗《国风》,与《古诗》类近,钟嵘将其归入《古诗》并列于上品中。

"The Five-character-quatrain Begins with Su and Li", Su Wu and Li Ling have always been famous in the world. However, in the preface of Zhong Rong’s Shi Pin, Su Wu was left aside, but Li Ling was listed as Five-character-quatrain’s representative figure. In the top grade of the main text, only Li Ling was listed, and Su Wu was not seen. While at the end of the preamble, Su Wu was listed as "people who can write an enlivening poetry". Such contradictory comments inevitably make future generations doubt whether the "Ziqing" in "Ziqing Shuangfu" means Su Wu or not.Among the opposing viewpoints, "Ziqing" is the other "Ziqing" in the Six Dynasties, and the two kinds of opposition views of "Shaoqing" in the original work of Ziqing are the most representative. However, combined with relevant historical documents, we can draw a conclusion from the textual research of the text structure and writing logic of Shi Pin, the poetry content and background of "Shuang Fu Bei Fei", that the reason for Ziqing, the original work of Ziqing, is far more firm than other guesses. As for Shi Pin doesn’t conclude Su Wu’s poems", probably because Su Wu’s poems imitated Guo Feng, and similar to Gu Shi, so Zhong Rong classified them into Gu Shi and listed it in the top grade.