对中国北方岩溶水研究方向的思考与实践

Thinking and practice on the research direction of karst water in northern China

中国北方碳酸盐岩含水层连续沉积厚度大、分布范围广,蕴藏着丰富的地下水资源,是重要的国家级含水层。北方岩溶水集水资源、旅游资源、生态功能等于一体,在国民经济建设中具有举足轻重的地位,特别在城市供水和能源基地建设中发挥了不可替代的支撑性作用。近50年来,受大规模水资源开发利用和人类其它高强度活动影响,北方岩溶水环境问题凸显并带来了一系列负面效应,严重制约了水资源的可持续利用。在国家大力倡导生态文明建的大背景下,如何协调好北方岩溶区资源开发与环境保护,是水文地质工作行业需要着重思考的问题。本文从国家需求出发,提出北方断流岩溶大泉泉水复流的生态修复、闭坑煤矿酸性“老窑水”对岩溶水的污染防治、深层岩溶水的水和热资源开发利用等应作为未来一段时期北方岩溶水的重点研究方向,同时,对近年来在这几个方面开展的调查研究工作取得的成果了进行简要介绍。

The carbonate aquifer in northern China is an important water resource of the country with large thickness and wide distribution.The karst water in this vast region has the functions in water resources,tourism and ecology.It plays an important role in the construction of national economy,especially in the construction of urban water supply and energy infrastructures.In the past 50 years,due to the influence of large-scale development and other high-intensity human activities,karst water environment problems in northern China have become prominent and brought a series of negative effects,which seriously restrict sustainable utilization of water resources.Under the background of ecological civilization construction vigorously advocated by the state,how to coordinate well the development of resources and environment in the northern karst areas is an issue that needs to rethought by the hydrogeological work industry.Starting from the national demand,this paper points out that the ecological reflow of cutoff karst springs,the pollution prevention and control of the acid"old kiln water"in closed coal mines,and the development and utilization of deep karst water and thermal resources should be taken as the key research directions of karst water in the future in northern China.At the same time,this paper briefly presents the results of investigations and research on these issues in recent years.