我国近海漂浮垃圾污染现状及应对建议

Pollution Status and Treatment Policies of the Offshore Floating Garbage in China

近海漂浮垃圾造成的环境污染问题日益受到国际社会广泛关注。为助力我国科学有效地构建海上环卫体系治理近海漂浮垃圾,对辽东湾、山东沿海、东中国海沿线等典型区域近海漂浮垃圾污染物特征的相关研究成果进行了梳理。结果表明,我国典型海域大块和特大块漂浮垃圾数量在1~104个/km^(2),小块和中块漂浮垃圾数量在48~15551个/km^(2),二者的全国平均水平分别为50个/km2和4027个/km^(2)。人类海岸活动是海面漂浮垃圾的主要来源,垃圾构成多以塑料和泡沫塑料为主。结合近海漂浮垃圾污染和管理现状,建议进一步加大日常宣传教育并开发新型漂浮垃圾回收技术装备,应由政府、市场、居民多方协作以实现海面漂浮垃圾污染的高效治理。

The environmental pollution problem caused by offshore floating garbage(OFG)has been increasingly concerned by the international community.In order to facilitate the scientific and effective construction of marine environmental sanitation system to deal with OFG in China,related achievements of the characters of OFG pollutant samples from typical areas in Liaodong bay,Shandong coast and East China sea coast were sorted out.The results showed that the quantitative of large chunks and extra-large chunks of floating garbage were 1~104 pieces per square kilometer,and the number of small and medium pieces of floating garbage was 48~15551 pieces per square kilometer,The national average for both were 50 and 4027 pieces per square kilometer.The OFG mainly came from human coastal activities and its major composition were plastics and foam plastics.Combined with the pollution and management status of OFG,it was suggested that daily publicity and education should be further strengthened and develop new floating garbage recycling technology.And the government,the market and the residents should cooperate with each other to realize the efficient treatment of OFG pollution.