非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪之法教义学检视

Legal Doctrinal Review of the Crime of Illegally Implanting Genetically Edited Cloned Embryos

因刑法原有罪名对基因编辑行为有适用的局限性,故“非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪”作为新罪名,被《刑法修正案(十一)》规定在第三百三十六条之一。该罪的构成不以违反前置法规为前提,将经基因编辑的动物胚胎植入动物体内或仅进行基因编辑的行为不构成犯罪。作为入罪的违法性构成要件,“情节严重”之认定是正确适用本罪名的关键;对“情节严重”的认定,须体现该罪对法益的侵害程度;多次实施植入基因编辑胚胎行为、造成母体重伤或死亡、将人兽契合胚胎植入人体内或动物体内等情形;可被认定为“情节严重”。

As the original crimes of the criminal law have limitations in their application to gene editing,the crime of illegally implanting genetically edited cloned embryos is stipulated in Article 336-1 of The Criminal Law Amendment(11)as a new crime.The offence is not premised on a breach of the pre-code,and it is not a crime to implant a gene-edited animal embryo into an animal or to perform gene editing alone.As the constitution of illegality of incrimination,the identification of serious circumstances is the key to correctly apply this charge.And its determination shall reflect the degree of infringement of legal interests by the crime.The implantation of gene-edited embryos for multiple times which results in serious injury or death of the mother,and the implantation of human-animal fit embryos into human or animal bodies can be considered as serious circumstances.