论新时期以来历史题材戏剧中的“非历史化”叙事

On the“Non-historical”Narration in Historical Dramas in the New Era

新时期以来,历史剧创作出现了“非历史化”叙事现象。“非历史化”叙事现象由以挖掘知识分子心性特征的文人史剧为发端,以游戏和戏仿历史为余波和尾声,而民间叙事作为戏曲的重要特征之一,使得它在戏曲历史剧中的讲述从未间断过。它们一起构成了新时期以来历史题材“非历史化”叙事的主要内容,并形成了精英立场、民间立场、大众立场三足鼎立的叙事格局。它彻底摆脱了“正统史剧观”“历史真实”与“艺术真实”二元结构的理论格局,标志着剧作家主体意识的觉醒,使历史题材戏剧创作真正走进艺术自由的天地。然而,对历史题材的“非历史化”叙事,要避免落入消费主义的俗套,仍然需要剧作家具有深沉的主体意识与严肃的人生思考。

Since the new era,there has been a phenomenon of“non-historicalization”in the composition of historical dramas.The“non-historicalization”narratives start with the historical dramas of literati that characterized by exploring the nature and temperament of intellectuals,and end with play and parody of history.Folk narration,as one of the important characteristics of traditional Chinese opera,has been used in historical dramas too.These elements constitute the main contents of the“non-historical”narratives with historical themes and formed three narrative patterns:elite's point of view,folk point of view and the masses'point of view.It completely breaks away from the theoretical pattern of the dual structure of“historical-artistic reality”in the“orthodox historical play”,marks the awakening of the dramatist's subject consciousness,and makes the composition of historical play really enter the world of artistic freedom.However,in order to avoid falling to the conventional pattern of consumerism,the“non-historical”narratives with the historical themes still needs the dramatists'deep subject consciousness and serious thinking of life.