秦国军功爵位制度的形成

Formation of the System of Conferring Military Merit on the Dukes of the Qin Dynasty

秦国经过商鞅变法,伴随国家的富强,军队不断壮大,军制由周朝的五进制,演变成为十进制。商鞅创立的军功爵位制度在实施过程中,发生了两大变化:一个是由最初的十六等爵,后来在上层加入了彻侯、关内侯两等分封,大庶长、驷车庶长两等秦军统帅,形成二十等爵。一个是爵位成为了一类新的官职,爵亦为官做为秦军指挥体系。秦始皇分离了爵位,恢复了军官指挥体系。

After Shang Yang's reform,Qin Dynasty,whose military system evolved from the pentadimal system of the Zhou Dynasty to the decimal system,grew stronger and stronger.In the course of putting in place the system of merit titles established by Shang Yang,two changes have taken place.One was that the first sixteen titles have changed into twenty titles by adding two titles of Chehou and Guannei to the upper ranks,and the two captains of the Qin army,Si Chong and Si Chechang came into being.For one thing,the title of nobility became a new kind of official position,and the official title became the command system of the Qin army.Qin Shi Huang separated the titles and restored the officer command system.