产业发展阶段与产业政策层次间的适配——以中国移动通信产业为例

The Adaption of the Industrial Policy Levels to the Industry Development Stages: The Case Study on the Mobile Communication Industry in PRC

产业政策一直是政治经济学研究的热门话题,已有研究大致经历了三个阶段。本文在总结前人研究的基础上,将产业发展阶段划分为追赶、并行和领先三个阶段,将产业政策分为目标、对象和工具三个层次。在当今大国竞争的环境下,一国的产业政策与某个产业的发展阶段之间需要如何适配呢?论文以中国移动通信产业在过去30多年的发展历程作为个案,运用过程追踪法,分析了在该产业发展的不同阶段政府所采取的产业政策及其层次调适。研究发现,一个经济体的各类产业,不论是战略性高技术产业,还是传统产业,要实现技术进步和创新、保障产业安全,产业政策的实施是必要的。在产业发展的不同阶段,产业政策在目标、对象和工具三个层次的具体内容会相应地发生调整。本文提出了一个产业发展过程中存在的产业发展阶段和产业政策层次间适配的分析框架。这不仅有助于更深入地理解中国移动通信产业跨越式发展的历史进程,也能廓清政治经济学学界关于产业政策作用的争论。

Over the past decades,scholars have avidly studied China’s industrial policy,which can be divided into three stages.This article refines those scholars’arguments,and suggests that the industry development process can best be represented by three phases:the catch-up,the paralleling,and the leading phases.The industrial policy concept also contains three levels,including goals,targets,and tools.But,how do industrial policies adapt to the stages of industrial development in this era of great power competition?To answer this question,this article focuses on the case of the development process of China’s Mobile Communication industry over the past three decades,using the process-tracing method.As this article argues,industrial policies are necessary whether in strategic high-tech industries or those traditional industries that need to be technologically updated because that is the only way to ensure industrial security.The contents of the industrial policies at various levels adapt to the different industry development stages.This paper proposes a framework for the adaptation of the industrial policy levels to the industry development phases,which can help explain the development of the Mobile Communication industry in China.Moreover,the framework clarifies the controversy on the industrial policy in the community of political economy.