“手扑牙签三万轴,不辞风日坐檐廊”--北宋雕版印刷技术的堂邑一脉及其与清代聊城木版书业的繁盛

Development Context of Engraving and Printing Technology in Tangyi of the Northern Song Dynasty and Its Relationship with the Prosperity of Liaocheng Woodblock Book Industry in Qing Dynasty

北宋靖康元年(1126)闰十一月,因都城汴梁(今河南开封)被金兵侵陷,雕版印刷技工在战火离乱中逃亡流散。其中被金兵掳掠或裹挟北上者,在平水(今山西临汾)致业,重施其技。明洪武二十二年(1389)十一月后,平水等地众多百姓被朝廷迫迁至山东等地,雕版印刷技艺于是随之而南。其中流入堂邑(今属山东聊城)者,后入东昌府城,创办“好友堂”。清康熙、乾隆年间,又有“书业德”“善成堂”等众多书庄(书肆、书铺)开张营业,它们借助京杭大运河之便利,进而形成北方雕版印书的中心地。本文通过爬梳史志文献上的有关史料,阐述了自汴梁而平水而堂邑的雕版印刷技术一脉,到清代东昌府蔚为书业大观的流转过程,揭示了中国书籍文化史上一段曾被岁月风尘所遮蔽的传播史和行业史。

Leap November in the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty(1126),because the capital city of Bianliang(now Kaifeng,Henan)was invaded by soldiers of the Jin Dynasty,the engraving and printing technicians fled in the chaos of war.Among them,those who were taken abducted by the Jin Soldiers or shackled northward,made their careers in Pingshui(now Linfen,Shanxi),and re-executed their skills.After the November in the 22nd year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty(1389),many people in Pingshui and other places were forced to move to Shandong and other places by the imperial court,and the engraving and printing skills followed.Among them,those who entered Tangyi(now a part of Liaocheng,Shandong province)later entered Dongchang prefectural city and founded“Hao Youtang”.During the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty,there were many book shops opened for business,such as“Shu Yede”and“Shan Chengtang”.They make use of the convenience of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,and then form the center of engraving printing books in the north.By combing through the relevant historical materials in the historical records,this paper expounds the development context of engraving printing technology from Bianliang to Pingshui to Tangyi,and finally to Dongchang in Qing Dynasty,and reveals the history of dissemination and trade in the history of Chinese book culture,which has been covered by time and dust.