摘要
Cerium oxide(ceria)plays an important and fascinating role in heterogeneous catalysis as illustrated by its versatile use as a catalyst,a catalyst support,or a promotor in various oxidation and reduction reactions.Central to these reactions is the rich defect chemistry,facile redox capability,and unusual acid-base properties of ceria.Understanding the unique redox and acid-base properties of ceria is essential to build the structure-catalysis relationship so that improved catalytic functions can be achieved for ceria-based materials.Among the characterization toolbox,spectroscopic approach indisputably stands out for its unparalleled power in offering chemical insights into the surface properties of ceria at atomic and molecular level.In this review,we summarize advances in revealing the redox and acid-base properties of ceria via a variety of spectroscopic methods including optical,X-ray,neutron,electronic and nuclear spectroscopy.Both direct spectroscopy characterization and its coupling with probe molecules are analyzed to illustrate how the nature,strength and density of different surface sites are influenced by the pretreatment,the morphology and size of ceria nanoparticles.Further directions in taking advantage of in situ/operando spectroscopy for better understanding the catalysis of ceria-based materials are proposed in the summary and outlook section.
二氧化铈作为催化剂、催化剂载体和助剂被广泛应用于各类氧化还原的催化反应中,是多相催化领域中至关重要的金属氧化物.氧化铈因具有丰富的缺陷结构、较强的氧化还原能力以及异常的酸碱功能等独特性质,在催化领域中非常重要.在分子层面上理解氧化铈的储氧能力、氧化还原效应和酸碱性质对建立催化构效关系尤为重要,是有效合理地改善和设计铈基催化材料的关键.在诸多的表征手段中,光谱在氧化铈结构和表面性质的研究中显示出无可争议的优势,可以提供原子和分子层面的化学信息.本文总结了各种光谱方法(包括光学、X射线、中子、电子和核磁谱学)对氧化铈表面性质表征的研究进展.分析了直接光谱表征及其与探针分子耦合两种方法在氧化铈表征中的应用;归纳了预处理条件、氧化铈纳米粒子的形貌和尺寸对其表面位点的性质、强度和密度的影响.最后展望了如何利用反应条件下的原位光谱来更好地理解和揭示铈基材料的催化作用机制的可能性.
