功能介孔碳纳米球的合成与应用研究进展

Recent progress on synthesis and application of functional mesoporous carbon nanospheres

在过去的十几年里,人们在介孔碳纳米球的合成方法、组装机理、结构表征、功能化和应用等方面做了大量的研究工作。本文综述了制备介孔碳纳米球的主要方法,包括"硬"模板法、"软"模板法和其他合成方法。另外,也介绍了介孔碳纳米球的主要应用,包括吸附分离、催化、能源储存和生物医学。总结了介孔碳纳米球的功能化方式,如杂原子掺杂、纳米颗粒复合、表面修饰等。其优异的应用性能归结为规整的几何形貌、良好的流动性、优异的物理化学性质、可调节的孔径以及可控的粒径分布等。最后,提出了未来介孔碳纳米球的设计合成和应用面临的机遇与挑战。

In the past ten years,various mesoporous carbon nanospheres have been studied on the synthesis method,assembly mechanism,structure characterization,functionalization and application.This paper reviews the main methods of preparing mesoporous carbon nanospheres,including"hard"template method,"soft"template method and some other synthetic methods.In addition,the main applications of mesoporous carbon nanospheres are further discussed,such as adsorption and separation,catalysis,energy storage and biomedicine.The functionalization methods of mesoporous carbon nanospheres are also summarized,including heteroatom doping,nanoparticle composite,surface modification,etc.The excellent application performance of mesoporous carbon nanospheres is attributed to their regular geometric morphology,good fluidity,excellent physical and chemical properties,tunable pore size and controllable particle size distribution.Finally,we put forward the opportunities and challenges for the design,synthesis and application of mesoporous carbon nanospheres in the future.