“一带一路”背景下中国对南亚直接投资的特点、问题与对策

The Characteristics,Problems and Countermeasures of China’s Direct Investment in South Asia under the Background of BRI

无论是从陆地还是海上,南亚都是"一带一路"的必经区域。中国是南亚最大的邻国,南亚也是中国陆上邻国最多的地区。在"一带一路"倡议规划实施的六条经济走廊中,孟中印缅经济走廊和中巴经济走廊面向南亚。可以说,"一带一路"倡议为中国在南亚地区直接投资的区位分布和投资格局优化创造了机遇。当前,中国对南亚投资依然面临东道国投资壁垒、中国在南亚投资的产业集中度过高、中国对南亚投资易受非经济因素干扰以及中国在南亚小国投资受到西方国家和印度大肆宣扬的"债务陷阱论"等因素的制约。因此,优化中国对南亚投资格局需要重视对南亚各国市场环境与投资风险的评估,结合东道国自身优势进行投资布局,避免非理性投资;考虑南亚各国的环境特殊性,以差异化投资为原则,找准利益契合点进行投资布局;政府要采取措施完善企业"走出去"的相关配套制度,促进有效投资;重视中国企业海外形象的建设,营造有利于投资的民意基础与舆论环境。

Whether from land or sea,South Asia is a necessary area of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).China is the largest neighboring country of South Asia,and South Asia is also the region with the most China’s neighbors on land.Among the six economic corridors planned and implemented under the BRI,both the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor are closely related with the South Asia,which means BRI has created opportunities for optimizing the location distribution and investment pattern of China’s direct investment in South Asia.At present,China’s investment in South Asia is still facing some barriers from the host countries including higher industrial concentration,non-economic factors as well as the"Debt Trap Theory,"which is widely publicized by Western countries and India.Therefore,in order to better optimize China’s investment pattern in South Asia,it is necessary to pay attention to assessing risks of the market environment and investment policy.Also,the government should take measures to provide services and guidance for Chinese companies to go global.