基于皂苷类成分研究鉴别川牛膝及其伪品

Identification of the Roots of Cyathula officinalis and Its Adulterant based on Saponins

目的:改良现行川牛膝质量标准方法的TLC鉴别并新增HPLC-ELSD法,以弥补川牛膝类药材鉴定方法的不足。方法:以川牛膝伪品麻牛膝所含特征性皂苷类成分为线索,依据泡沫实验、TLC鉴别及HPLC-ELSD法建立川牛膝及其伪品的鉴别方法,并对所收集的11批川牛膝、21批麻牛膝及7批杂牛膝样品进行鉴别。结果:泡沫实验中麻牛膝所产生的泡沫最多,其次为杂牛膝,川牛膝最少。TLC鉴别中所有批次的川牛膝均不显与牛膝皂苷Ⅰ、牛膝皂苷Ⅱ对照品相同的黄绿色荧光斑点,且未有与川牛膝对照药材不一致的黄绿色斑点。麻牛膝及杂牛膝与川牛膝结果相反,且杂牛膝的黄绿色斑点弱于麻牛膝。HPLC-ELSD法所建立的麻牛膝指纹图谱与所有批次麻牛膝相似度高,与川牛膝相似度极低,与杂牛膝的相似度不高,且麻牛膝与杂牛膝均存在与牛膝皂苷Ⅰ、牛膝皂苷Ⅱ对照品相同的峰。结论:HPLC-ELSD法使用相似度评价分析并结合是否检出牛膝皂苷Ⅰ、牛膝皂苷Ⅱ峰可作为鉴别川牛膝类药材的一种新的有效鉴别方法,泡沫实验及TLC鉴别可作为其辅助鉴别手段。

Objective:To improve the TLC identification method and add HPLC-ELSD method of Cyathula officinalis roots,in order to make up for the deficiency of the identification method.Methods:Based on the characteristic saponins in Cyathula capitata roots of its adulterant as clue,the identification method of Cyathula officinalis roots and its adulterant was established by foam experiment,TLC and HPLC-ELSD method,and the collected 11 batches of Cyathula officinalis roots,21 batches of Cyathula capitata roots and 7 batches of Cyathula officinalis×Cyathula capitata roots samples were identified.Results:In the foam experiment,the most foam was produced by Cyathula capitata roots,followed by Cyathula officinalis×Cyathula capitata roots and Cyathula officinalis roots.The TLC identification of Cyathula officinalis roots showed no yellow-green fluorescent spots of Cyathula officinalis saponinⅠand Cyathula officinalis saponinⅡ,and there were no yellow-green spots inconsistent with the control herbs of Cyathula officinalis roots.Cyathula officinalis×Cyathula capitata roots and Cyathula capitata roots had the opposite results with Cyathula officinalis roots,yellow-green spots of Cyathula officinalis×Cyathula capitata roots were weaker than Cyathula capitata roots.The fingerprints of Cyathula capitata roots had high similarity with all samples of Cyathula capitata and very low similarity with Cyathula officinalis,its similarity with Cyathula officinalis×Cyathula capitata was low,Cyathula capitata and Cyathula officinalis×Cyathula capitata roots had the same peaks of Cyathula officinalis saponinⅠand Cyathula officinalis saponinⅡ.Conclusion:HPLC-ELSD can be used as a new and effective method for the identification of Cyathula officinalis roots by using similarity evaluation analysis and detecting Cyathula officinalis saponinⅠand Cyathula officinalis saponinⅡor not.Foam experiment and TLC identification can be used as auxiliary means of identification.