城归青年乡土适应性的现实困境与应对策略——基于多案例的实证分析

Return and Adaptation:Challenges and Countermeasures of Rural Adaptation of the Returned Rural Youth:An Empirical Study Based on Multiple Cases

乡村振兴尤其是数字乡村建设背景下,城归青年通过返乡创业就业实现为乡村振兴主体性补位。但这一过程并不必然顺利,可能面临着社会适应困境。从社会适应理论出发,在对现阶段城归青年类型划分与特征呈现的基础上,结合全国各地多个案例,研究发现当前城归青年返乡过程都受到时间长短、文化距离、社会网络、物质环境、职业发展等因素影响,面临着个体适应、关系适应、集体适应以及物质适应的现实困境。解决城归青年乡土不适应问题的关键在于构建和提升城归青年的适应能力,具体包括增强自我发展能力、构建社会网络能力、提升动员资源能力和发挥制度体系能力,从而提升乡村振兴战略的实质绩效。

Under the background of rural revitalization,especially the digital rural construction,the returned rural youth make up the mainstay of rural revitalization by returning home and starting employment.But this process is not necessarily smooth and may face social adaptation challenges.The theory of social adaptation provides constructive guidance for improving the social adaptability of home-coming rural youths.Based on the classification and characteristics of returned rural youths at this stage,this paper aims to analyze the influencing factors and challenges in the process of returned rural youths returning to their hometowns by combining multiple cases across the country.It is discovered in the study that the return of returned rural youths is affected by factors such as the length of time,cultural distance,social networks,material environment and career development.At the same time,homecoming is also facing the challenges of individual adaptation,relationship adaptation,collective adaptation,and material adaptation.In fact,solving the problem of rural unfitness of home-coming rural youths is an important part of improving the substantive performance of the rural revitalization strategy.The key lies in building and improving the adaptive ability of returned rural youths,including the abilities to enhance self-development,to build social networks,to mobilize resources and give full play to the system.